For birds and humans: challenges and benefits of rat eradication from an inhabited island (Ventotene, central Italy)

• Published in: Pest management science 2024-11, Vol.80 (11), p.5510-5518
• Main Authors: Capizzi, Dario, Sposimo, Paolo, Sozio, Giulia, Fratini, Sara, Zanet, Stefania, Biondo, Carmen, Romano, Antonio, Dell'Agnello, Filippo, Baccetti, Nicola, Petrassi, Fabrizio
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agricultural ecosystems; Archipelagoes; Baiting; Biosecurity; damage reduction; Domestic animals; Economic impact; Ecosystem restoration; Environmental restoration; Eradication; Farming systems; Food safety; invasive species; Islands; Population studies; Predators; rat eradication; Rattus rattus; Rodenticides; System effectiveness
• ISSN: 1526-498X; 1526-4998; 1526-4998
• DOI: 10.1002/ps.7947

BACKGROUND Rat eradication from islands is a very effective tool that can free entire ecosystems from the pressure of alien predators. In this study we present the case study of Ventotene (Ponziane Archipelago, central Italy), which to date is the island with by far the greatest number of human inhabitants ever freed from the negative implications of rats. Rat eradication was carried out in the framework of the Life PonDerat project, co‐financed by the European Union. Besides considering the conservation benefits due to the removal of rats, we also considered the socio‐economic and pathogenic impacts from introduced rats. RESULTS The overall economic cost of the rats was quantified to be at least €18 500 per year to the residents of the island. Several zoonotic pathogens were detected in the rat population prior to eradication. A reduction in the rodenticide distributed over time on the island was also estimated. Identifying the origin of the rat population allowed for the development of more targeted and effective biosecurity measures. The eradication effort was challenged by the presence of domestic animals and variability in support for baiting in urbanised areas. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study open up new perspectives on island restoration projects. We demonstrated the cost‐effectiveness of the action, including ecosystem restoration, reduction of rat impacts in agricultural systems, and improving overall health and food safety. Our findings will have implications for similar interventions on other islands, potentially bringing significant benefits. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. Rat eradication provides huge benefits for species and ecosystems. When carried out on human‐inhabited islands, resident communities can achieve significant reductions in damage to agricultural and commercial activities, and enhancement of health and food security.