Post-activation potentiation and potentiated motor unit firing patterns in boys and men

• Published in: European journal of applied physiology 2024-05, Vol.124 (5), p.1561-1574
• Main Authors: McKiel, Andrew, Woods, Stacey, Gabriel, David A, Vandenboom, Rene, Falk, Bareket
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Action potential; Action Potentials - physiology; Adult; Adults; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Child; Children & youth; Electromyography; Exercise; Firing pattern; Human Physiology; Humans; Isometric Contraction - physiology; Male; Motor Neurons - physiology; Muscle contraction; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology; Musculoskeletal system; Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine; Original Article; Physical fitness; Physiology; Potentiation; Skeletal muscle; Sports Medicine; Torque; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1439-6319; 1439-6327
• DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05377-z

Background Post-activation potentiation (PAP) describes the enhancement of twitch torque following a conditioning contraction (CC) in skeletal muscle. In adults, PAP may be related to muscle fibre composition and is accompanied by a decrease in motor unit (MU) firing rates (MUFRs). Muscle fibre composition and/or activation is different between children and adults. This study examined PAP and MU firing patterns of the potentiated knee extensors in boys and men. Methods Twenty-three boys (10.5 ± 1.3 years) and 20 men (23.1 ± 3.3 years) completed familiarization and experimental sessions. Maximal isometric evoked-twitch torque and MU firing patterns during submaximal contractions (20% and 70% maximal voluntary isometric contraction, MVIC) were recorded before and after a CC (5 s MVIC). PAP was calculated as the percent-increase in evoked-twitch torque after the CC. MU firing patterns were examined during submaximal contractions before and after the CC using Trigno Galileo surface electrodes (Delsys Inc) and decomposition algorithms (NeuroMap, Delsys Inc). MU action potential amplitudes (MUAPamp) and MUFRs were calculated for each MU and exponential MUFR-MUAPamp relationships were calculated for each participant and trial. Results PAP was higher in men than in boys (98.3 ± 37.1% vs. 68.8 ± 18.3%, respectively; p  = 0.002). Following potentiation, the rate of decay of the MUFR-MUAPamps relationship decreased in both contractions, with a greater decrease among boys during the high-intensity contractions. Conclusion Lower PAP in the boys did not coincide with smaller changes in potentiated MU firing patterns, as boys had greater reductions in MUFRs with potentiation compared with men in high-intensity contractions.