The clinicopathological features and renal prognostic factors in pure membranous lupus nephritis—a large series cohort study from China

• Published in: Lupus 2024-02, Vol.33 (2), p.192-200
• Main Authors: Hu, Jing, Zhu, Mengyue, Wang, Jingjing, Lou, Wenyuan, Zhang, Haitao
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biopsy; Complications; Creatinine; End-stage renal disease; Epidermal growth factor receptors; Fibrosis; Immunosuppressive agents; Kidney diseases; Lupus; Lupus nephritis; Medical prognosis; Nephrotic syndrome; Patients; Prognosis; Proteinuria; Remission; Risk factors; Survival; Systemic lupus erythematosus; Uric acid
• ISSN: 0961-2033; 1477-0962
• DOI: 10.1177/09612033231225345

Background Membranous lupus nephritis (MLN) is a subepithelial immune deposition or its morphological sequelae with or without mesangial changes. Previous studies on the prognosis of MLN have shown relatively small sample sizes and short follow-up periods. Methods Our study was a retrospective analysis of biopsy-proven MLN patients from January 2010 to January 2020 at Jinling Hospital in China. The clinical manifestations, pathological features, and renal outcomes of MLN patients were collected. The endpoint was defined as end-stage kidney disease (eGFR≤15 mL/min·1.73 m2 or need for renal replacement therapy) or a doubling of serum creatinine or an eGFR decline of more than 40%. We used Cox regression to analyze the risk factors for renal outcome and Kaplan–Meier curves were used to analyze renal survival rate. Results In the total of 2884 lupus patients, we screened 535 MLN patients. 456 MLN patients were recruited with an average age of 34 ± 12 years, 87.8% for female patients and 62.1% patients of nephrotic syndrome with proteinuria of 2.67 g/24h. After follow-up of 78 (IQR, 47.3–113.0) months, 37 (8.1%) patients reached the renal endpoint. The 5-year and 10-year renal survival rates were 95.8% and 89.4%, respectively. 370 patients (81.1%) achieved complete remission, 43 patients (9.4%) had partial remission, and only 43 had no response. 34.4% MLN experienced a relapse. The Cox regression showed the risk factors that affect the renal prognosis include male, hypertension history, anemia, high uric acid, acute kidney injury, and interstitial fibrosis in the renal pathology. Conclusions MLN mostly manifested as nephrotic syndrome, with few renal dysfunctions. Although MLN had a high relapse rate, most patients had a response to immunosuppressants and had a good renal outcome.