Movement‐evoked pain is not associated with pain at rest or physical function in knee osteoarthritis

• Published in: European journal of pain 2024-07, Vol.28 (6), p.987-996
• Main Authors: Lozano‐Meca, José Antonio, Gacto‐Sánchez, Mariano, Montilla‐Herrador, Joaquina
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Movement - physiology; Osteoarthritis, Knee - complications; Osteoarthritis, Knee - physiopathology; Pain - etiology; Pain - physiopathology; Pain Measurement - methods; Rest - physiology; Walking - physiology
• ISSN: 1090-3801; 1532-2149; 1532-2149
• DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2236

Introduction Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) is mainly characterized by pain. The assessment of KOA‐related pain frequently focuses on different constructs subject to sources of bias or drawbacks, as the classical Pain at Rest (PAR). Movement‐evoked pain (MEP), recently defined as ‘pain during walking’, emerges as a differential concept, since PAR and MEP are driven by different underlying mechanisms. Given the novelty of the MEP approach, its association with PAR or with different performance‐based tests has not been studied in KOA yet. Materials and Methods A cross sectional study was conducted. PAR was measured, alongside the performance of four mobility tests and their corresponding MEP: Timed Up and Go Test, 10‐metre Walk Test, 2‐Minute Walk Test, and 6‐Minute Walk Test. Association and agreement were explored for MEP versus PAR, while the correlation of the tests versus each corresponding MEP‐measure was assessed. Results Neither association nor agreement were found in the duality MEP versus PAR. Also, the lack of association between the performance of a mobility test and the perceived level of pain during the development of the test was stated. Conclusion Movement‐evoked pain is neither related to pain at rest nor to functional performance in subjects affected by knee osteoarthritis. The results from our study suggest that MEP and pain at rest measure and refer to different constructs in knee osteoarthritis. The implementation of MEP as an outcome in exercise‐therapy could enhance the tracking of results, as well as the development of tailored interventions under different conditions. Significance This research elucidates the relevance of MEP, recently defined as ‘pain during walking’, through the analysis of its association with PAR and with functional performance (measured through four mobility tests) in knee osteoarthritis. The results from our study highlight the absence of either association or agreement between MEP and PAR, fact that supports and endorses the idea that both concepts measure and refer to different constructs in knee osteoarthritis.