Global practice patterns of preoperative image reconstruction for liver surgery

• Published in: Journal of gastrointestinal surgery 2024-01, Vol.28 (1), p.26-32
• Main Authors: Panettieri, Elena, Vega, Eduardo A, Salirrosas, Oscar, Ogiso, Satoshi, Geller, David, Conrad, Claudius
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 1091-255X; 1873-4626
• DOI: 10.1016/j.gassur.2023.11.014

Three-dimensional (3-D) liver modeling is used globally; however, its actual practice is limited to a few centers. This study aimed to assess practice patterns and barriers to the use of 3-D modeling among liver surgeons worldwide. A survey approved by the International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association research council consisting of 27 questions was conducted using an online questionnaire. Incomplete responses were excluded. Of 235 respondents from 46 countries, 81.3% reported experience with 3-D modeling; however, only 21% used it in > 75% of cases. Surgeons using 3-D reconstruction were older (P = .025), worked more frequently at academic facilities (P = .007), and had more years of experience (P = .001), especially in minimally invasive liver surgery (MILS) (P = .038). In addition, 3-D rendering was performed by surgeons in 50.8% of cases. Liver volumetry was the most frequent indication (80.1%), and decreased postoperative complications were the main perceived benefit (53.6%). More experience in liver surgery because of seniority, case volume, and openness to novel technology (MILS) is associated with a greater appreciation for the value of 3-D modeling. Our results suggest the need for senior surgeons to help early-career surgeons consider 3-D modeling for the reported benefit of reduced intra- and postoperative complications.