Performance of the Simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index in predicting 30-day mortality after acute pulmonary embolism: Validation from a large-scale cohort

• Published in: European journal of internal medicine 2024-06, Vol.124, p.46-53
• Main Authors: Zhang, Yu, Chen, Yinong, Chen, Hong, Dong, Chunling, Hu, Xiaoyun, Xu, Xiaomao, Zhu, Ling, Cheng, Zhe, Wang, Dingyi, Zhang, Zhu, Xie, Wanmu, Wan, Jun, Yang, Peiran, Wang, Shengfeng, Wang, Chen, Zhai, Zhenguo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acute pulmonary embolism; Mortality; Prognostic scores; sPESI
• ISSN: 0953-6205; 1879-0828
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.01.037

•The 30-day all-cause mortality of patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) was 3.5 %.•This study externally validated the simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (sPESI), RIETE score, Geneva score, modified FAST and Bova score for 30-day mortality of acute PE, based on the large Chinese nationwide prospective cohort.•Area under the curve for predicting 30-day mortality of sPESI was 0.712 (95 % CI, 0.680, 0.743), with the odds ratio of 4.743 for sPESI ⩾1 point (95 % CI, 3.427, 6.563, p < 0.001).•The sPESI also showed a high sensitivity of 0.809.•The implementation of sPESI in Chinese patients with PE can help to discriminate patients with extremely low risk of short-term mortality for home treatment or early discharge. The performance of existing prognostic scores including the simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (sPESI) for short-term mortality of non-high-risk PE in Chinese population has not been widely validated. Non-high-risk patients were included from the prospective cohort of the China pUlmonary Thromboembolism REgistry Study (CURES). The sPESI, RIETE, Geneva, modified FAST, and Bova score were validated. The discriminatory performance was measured by the area under the curve (AUC). We also compared the sensitivity, odds ratio, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of these scores. A total of 6,873 non-high-risk patients with acute PE were included and 241 (3.5 %) patients died within 30 days. Compared to the Geneva, modified FAST, and Bova score, the AUCs for predicting 30-day death of sPESI and RIETE score were higher at 0.712 (95 % CI, 0.680, 0.743) and 0.723 (95 % CI, 0.691, 0.755) respectively. The sPESI demonstrated the highest sensitivity at 0.809, while the RIETE score, Geneva, Modified FAST and BOVA score showed sensitivities of 0.622, 0.568, 0.477 and 0.502 respectively. A sPESI ⩾1 point was associated with a 4.7-fold increased risk of 30-day all-cause mortality (95 % CI, 3.427, 6.563, p < 0.001), while a RIETE score of ⩾1 point was associated with a 4.5-fold increased risk (95 % CI, 3.127, 6.341, p < 0.001). The Geneva score, modified FAST and Bova score showed inferior performance. The implementation of the fewer-parameter, easier-to-calculate sPESI in Chinese patients with PE can help to discriminate patients with extremely low risk of short-term mortality for home treatment or early discharge.