Genotoxicity of PM10 and extracted organics collected in an industrial, urban and rural area in Flanders, Belgium

The variation in the genotoxic potency of PM10 in vitro in relation to the particle source type was investigated. Particles were collected at one urban, one rural, and one industrial site in Flanders. Genotoxicity was assessed using four different in vitro test systems exposed to PM10 in suspension...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental research 2004-10, Vol.96 (2), p.109-118
Main Authors: BRITS, Ethel, SCHOETERS, Greet, VERSCHAEVE, Luc
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air
Air Pollutants - analysis
Air Pollutants - toxicity
Belgium
Biological and medical sciences
Comet Assay
DNA Damage
Environmental pollutants toxicology
Humans
Industrial Waste
Medical sciences
Micronucleus Tests
Mutagenicity Tests
Mutagens - analysis
Mutagens - toxicity
Particle Size
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - toxicity
Rural Population
Salmonella
Salmonella typhimurium - growth & development
SOS Response (Genetics)
Toxicology
Urban Population
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Summary:The variation in the genotoxic potency of PM10 in vitro in relation to the particle source type was investigated. Particles were collected at one urban, one rural, and one industrial site in Flanders. Genotoxicity was assessed using four different in vitro test systems exposed to PM10 in suspension and to the organic extracts of PM10. Two of these systems were bacterial assays: the Salmonella mutagenicity test and the Vitotox test. In addition, the Comet assay and Micronucleus test were performed using human blood cells. Results show that exposure to PM10 and the organic extracts from both urban and industrial areas causes significant genetic damage. The Salmonella mutagenicity test was most suitable for the screening of PM10 and the organic extracts; the Micronucleus test was most suitable only for the screening of organic extracts, and original particles were toxic for the exposed lymphocytes. Clear dose-response curves were not established in the Comet and Vitotox assay, and organic extracts were apparently toxic in the latter. The total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content of the organic extracts, as measured with GC/MS, ranged between 1 and 6 ng/m3. Results obtained in this study suggest that PM10 causes DNA damage and mutations. The use of biological tests for the screening of air samples is useful to complement air quality control by chemical measurements.
ISSN:0013-9351
1096-0953
DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2004.03.006