Fabric‐Enhanced Vascular Graft with Hierarchical Structure for Promoting the Regeneration of Vascular Tissue

• Published in: Advanced healthcare materials 2024-06, Vol.13 (16), p.e2302676-n/a
• Main Authors: Ma, Wenxin, Liu, Zhuo, Zhu, Tonghe, Wang, Liming, Du, Juan, Wang, Kun, Xu, Chen
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Biocompatibility; Biocompatible Materials - chemistry; Biocompatible Materials - pharmacology; Biological properties; Biomechanics; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Blood vessels; Blood Vessels - physiology; Braiding; Electrospinning; Endothelial cells; Endothelial Cells - cytology; fabrics; function; Grafting; hierarchical structure; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Inflammation; Mechanical properties; Microenvironments; Modulus of elasticity; Phase separation; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer - chemistry; Polylactide-co-glycolide; Regeneration - physiology; Smooth muscle; Tissue engineering; Tissue Engineering - methods; tissue regeneration; Tissue Scaffolds - chemistry; vascular replacement; Vascular tissue
• ISSN: 2192-2640; 2192-2659; 2192-2659
• DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302676

Natural blood vessels have completed functions, including elasticity, compliance, and excellent antithrombotic properties because of their mature structure. To replace damaged blood vessels, vascular grafts should perform these functions by simulating the natural vascular structures. Although the structures of natural blood vessels are thoroughly explored, constructing a small‐diameter vascular graft that matches the mechanical and biological properties of natural blood vessels remains a challenge. A hierarchical vascular graft is fabricated by Electrospinning, Braiding, and Thermally induced phase separation (EBT) processes, which could simulate the structure of natural blood vessels. The internal electrospun structure facilitates the adhesion of endothelial cells, thereby accelerating endothelialization. The intermediate PLGA fabric exhibits excellent mechanical properties, which allow it to maintain its shape during long‐term transplantation and prevent graft expansion. The external macroporous structure is beneficial for cell growth and infiltration. Blood vessel remodeling aims to combine a structure that promotes tissue regeneration with anti‐inflammatory materials. The results in vitro demonstrated that it EBT vascular graft (EBTVG) has matched the mechanical properties, reliable cytocompatibility, and the strongest endothelialization in situ. The results in vitro and replacement of the resected artery in vivo suggest that the EBTVG combines different structural advantages with biomechanical properties and reliable biocompatibility, significantly promoting the stabilization and regeneration of vascular endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as stabilizing the blood microenvironment. This paper fabricates a hierarchical vascular graft by electrospinning, braiding, and thermally induced phase separation. The vascular graft (EBTVG) could better simulate the structure of natural blood vessels. The results suggest that the EBTVG combined structural advantages with biomechanical properties and reliable biocompatibility, which significantly promoted the stabilization and regeneration of vascular endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as the blood microenvironment.