Heterogeneity in the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality after the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy across mothers' lifetime reproductive history

• Published in: Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology 2024-03, Vol.38 (3), p.230-237
• Main Authors: Wyatt, Sage, Kvalvik, Liv Grimstvedt, Singh, Aditi, Klungsøyr, Kari, Østbye, Truls, Skjærven, Rolv
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age; Aged; Birth; Births; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology; Clinical outcomes; Confidence intervals; Death; Disorders; Epidemiology; Female; Gestational age; gestational hypertension; Health disparities; Health risk assessment; Health risks; Heterogeneity; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced - epidemiology; lifetime reproductive history; life‐course; Maternal & child health; Mortality; Mothers; Norway; Pre-Eclampsia - epidemiology; preeclampsia; Pregnancy; Premature birth; Public health; Regression analysis; Reproductive History; Risk; Risk Factors; Statistical analysis; Survival analysis
• ISSN: 0269-5022; 1365-3016
• DOI: 10.1111/ppe.13059

Background Prior studies on maternal cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) have focused only on a woman's first birth and have not accounted for successive affected pregnancies. Objectives The objective of this study is to identify mothers' risk of CVD mortality considering lifetime reproductive history. Methods We used data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry, and the Norwegian National Population Register to identify all mothers who gave birth from 1967 to 2020. Our outcome was mothers' CVD death before age 70. The primary exposure was the lifetime history of HDP. The secondary exposure was the order of HDP and gestational age at delivery of pregnancies with HDP. We used Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), adjusting for education, mother's age, and year of last birth. These models were stratified by the lifetime number of births. Results Among 987,378 mothers, 86,294 had HDP in at least one birth. The highest CVD mortality, relative to mothers without HDP, was among those with a pre‐term HDP in their first two births, although this represented 1.0% of mothers with HDP (HR 5.12, 95% CI 2.66, 9.86). Multiparous mothers with term HDP in their first birth only had no increased risk of CVD relative to mothers without HDP (36.9% of all mothers with HDP; HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.95, 1.32). All other mothers with HDP had a 1.5‐ to 4‐fold increased risk of CVD mortality. Conclusions This study identified heterogeneity in the risk of CVD mortality among mothers with a history of HDP. A third of these mothers are not at higher risk compared to women without HDP, while some less common patterns of HDP history are associated with severe risk of CVD mortality.