What is the role of nitrate/nitrite in trace organic contaminants degradation and transformation during UV-based advanced oxidation processes?

• Published in: Water research (Oxford) 2024-04, Vol.253, p.121259-121259, Article 121259
• Main Authors: Ao, Xiuwei, Zhang, Xi, Sun, Wenjun, Linden, Karl G., Payne, Emma M., Mao, Ted, Li, Zifu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Advanced oxidation processes; Hydrogen Peroxide; Nitrate; Nitrates; Nitrite; Nitrites; Nitrogen Dioxide; Organic Chemicals; Oxidation-Reduction; Trace organic contaminants; Ultraviolet Rays; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Water Purification - methods
• ISSN: 0043-1354; 1879-2448
• DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121259

•Multiple roles of NO3−/NO2− for treating TrOCs in UV-AOPs are thoroughly reviewed.•Mechanisms of NO3−/NO2− affecting the performance of UV-AOPs are detailed.•Formation, properties, and identification of the RNS are comprehensively summarized.•Prospects for research into the effects of NO3−/NO2− on UV-AOPs are discussed. The effectiveness of UV-based advanced oxidation processes (UV-AOPs) in degrading trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) can be significantly influenced by the ubiquitous presence of nitrate (NO3−) and nitrite (NO2−) in water and wastewater. Indeed, NO3−/NO2− can play multiple roles of NO3−/NO2− in UV-AOPs, leading to complexities and conflicting results observed in existing research. They can inhibit the degradation of TrOCs by scavenging reactive species and/or competitively absorbing UV light. Conversely, they can also enhance the elimination of TrOCs by generating additional •OH and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Furthermore, the presence of NO3−/NO2− during UV-AOP treatment can affect the transformation pathways of TrOCs, potentially resulting in the nitration/nitrosation of TrOCs. The resulting nitro(so)-products are generally more toxic than the parent TrOCs and may become precursors of nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) upon chlorination. Particularly, since the impact of NO3−/NO2− in UV-AOPs is largely due to the generation of RNS from NO3−/NO2− including NO•, NO2•, and peroxynitrite (ONOO–/ONOOH), this review covers the generation, properties, and detection methods of these RNS. From kinetic, mechanistic, and toxicologic perspectives, future research needs are proposed to advance the understanding of how NO3−/NO2− can be exploited to improve the performance of UV-AOPs treating TrOCs. This critical review provides a comprehensive framework outlining the multifaceted impact of NO3−/NO2− in UV-AOPs, contributing insights for basic research and practical applications of UV-AOPs containing NO3−/NO2−. [Display omitted]