Papermill sludge amendments, tree protection, and tree establishment on an abandoned coal minesoil

We measured survival, growth, and foliar nutrition of white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.), and black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) on a regraded minesoil (Typic Udorthent, pH 2.9) treated with four combinations of papermill sludge depth by incorporation methods. We als...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of environmental quality 1997-09, Vol.26 (5), p.1409-1416
Main Authors: Kost, D.A, Boutelle, D.A, Larson, M.M, Smith, W.D, Vimmerstedt, J.P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions
Biological and medical sciences
CRECIMIENTO
CROISSANCE
DECHET INDUSTRIEL
DESECHOS INDUSTRIALES
ELIMINACION DE DESECHOS
ELIMINATION DES DECHETS
FEUILLE
FRAXINUS
FRAXINUS AMERICANA
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General agronomy. Plant production
GROWTH
HOJAS
INDUSTRIAL WASTES
JUGLANS NIGRA
LEAVES
NUTRICION DE LAS PLANTAS
NUTRITION DES PLANTES
Other nutrients. Amendments. Solid and liquid wastes. Sludges and slurries
Paper industry wastes
PAPER MILL SLUDGE
PLANT NUTRITION
PLATANUS OCCIDENTALIS
Sludge
Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments
SUPERVIVENCIA
SURVIE
SURVIVAL
WASTE DISPOSAL
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Summary:We measured survival, growth, and foliar nutrition of white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.), and black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) on a regraded minesoil (Typic Udorthent, pH 2.9) treated with four combinations of papermill sludge depth by incorporation methods. We also compared tree performance when protected from mammal damage by tube, netting, or no shelters. Sludge rates were approximately 860 Mg ha-1 for a 15-cm depth and 3450 Mg ha-1 for a 60-cm depth. After 4 yr, tree survival was 65% when either 15 or 60 cm of sludge was deep incorporated by a backhoe. Survival was 43% if 15 cm of sludge was rototill incorporated and 3% if 45 cm of sludge was surface applied over the rototiller-incorporated sludge (60 cm total sludge depth). Trees were tallest (236 cm) on 15 cm-backhoed, intermediate (204 cm) on 60 cm backhoed, and shortest (130 cm) on 15 cm rotilled treatments. Ash (56% survival) survived better than sycamore (40%) and walnut (36%). Tree survival was best (61%) in tubes, intermediate (43%) in nets, and worst (28%) with no protection. Ash and walnut were tallest (177 cm) in tubes, intermediate (124 cm) in nets, and shortest (103 cm) with no protection. Sycamore height (30S cm) was not affected by the shelters. Foliar nutrition of trees was adequate except for possible low P in ash. In summary, tree survival and growth were good if sludge was incorporated by backhoeing and trees were protected by tube shelters
ISSN:0047-2425
1537-2537
DOI:10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050030x