No Effect of High Eating Frequency Compared with Low Eating Frequency on Appetite and Inflammation Biomarkers: Results from a Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial

Eating frequency (EF) focuses on the total number of eating occasions per day and may influence metabolic health. We sought to examine the effect of high compared with low EF on appetite regulation and inflammatory biomarkers among healthy adults. Data are from a randomized, crossover trial (the Fre...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of nutrition 2024-08, Vol.154 (8), p.2422-2430
Main Authors: Zhang, Xiaochen, Schenk, Jeannette M, Perrigue, Martine, Drewnowski, Adam, Wang, Ching-Yun, Beatty, Sarah J, Neuhouser, Marian L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adiponectin
Appetite
appetite regulation
Biomarkers
Body fat
Body mass index
Body size
C-reactive protein
Clinical trials
crossover design
Eating
Eating behavior
eating frequency
Fasting
Ghrelin
healthy adults
Hormones
Inflammation
Leptin
Metabolism
Satiety
Statistical analysis
Citations: Items that this one cites
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Summary:Eating frequency (EF) focuses on the total number of eating occasions per day and may influence metabolic health. We sought to examine the effect of high compared with low EF on appetite regulation and inflammatory biomarkers among healthy adults. Data are from a randomized, crossover trial (the Frequency of Eating and Satiety Hormones study). Participants (n = 50) completed 2 isocaloric 21-d study periods of low EF (3 eating occasions/d) and high EF (6 eating occasions/d) in random order with a 14-d washout period in between. Participants were free-living and consumed their own food, using study-directed, structured meal plans with identical foods and total energy in both study periods. On days 1 and 21 of each EF period, fasting blood was collected during in-person clinic visits to assess plasma concentrations of ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Linear mixed models with EF, diet sequence, and period as fixed effects and participant as random effect were used to estimate the intervention effect. Interaction effects between EF and body fat percentage were examined. Among the 50 participants who completed the trial, 39 (78%) were women, 30 (60%) were Non-Hispanic White, and 40 (80%) had a body mass index of
ISSN:0022-3166
1541-6100
1541-6100
DOI:10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.029