Seaweed-derived fucoidans and rhamnan sulfates serve as potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents with potential for prophylaxis

Seaweeds represent a rich source of sulfated polysaccharides with similarity to heparan sulfate, a facilitator of myriad virus host cell attachment. For this reason, attention has been drawn to their antiviral activity, including the potential for anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. We have identified and str...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Carbohydrate polymers 2024-08, Vol.337, p.122156, Article 122156
Main Authors: Song, Yuefan, Singh, Amit, Feroz, Maisha M., Xu, Shirley, Zhang, Fuming, Jin, Weihua, Kumar, Ambrish, Azadi, Parastoo, Metzger, Dennis W., Linhardt, Robert J., Dordick, Jonathan S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 - metabolism
Animals
Antiviral Agents - chemistry
Antiviral Agents - pharmacology
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 - virology
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Deoxy Sugars - chemistry
Deoxy Sugars - pharmacology
Fractionation
Fucoidan
HEK293 Cells
Humans
In vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity
In vivo prophylaxis
Mannans
Mice
Mice, Transgenic
Polysaccharides - chemistry
Polysaccharides - pharmacology
Rhamnan sulfate
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 - drug effects
Seaweed - chemistry
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - metabolism
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Summary:Seaweeds represent a rich source of sulfated polysaccharides with similarity to heparan sulfate, a facilitator of myriad virus host cell attachment. For this reason, attention has been drawn to their antiviral activity, including the potential for anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. We have identified and structurally characterized several fucoidan extracts, including those from different species of brown macroalga, and a rhamnan sulfate from a green macroalga species. A high molecular weight fucoidan extracted from Saccharina japonica (FSjRPI-27), and a rhamnan sulfate extracted from Monostroma nitidum (RSMn), showed potent competitive inhibition of spike glycoprotein receptor binding to a heparin-coated SPR chip. This inhibition was also observed in cell-based assays using hACE2 HEK-293 T cells infected by pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 virus with IC50 values
ISSN:0144-8617
1879-1344
1879-1344
DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122156