Effect of dual modifications with ultrasonication and succinylation on Cicer arietinum protein-iron complexes: Characterization, digestibility, in-vitro cellular mineral uptake and preparation of fortified smoothie

• Published in: Food research international 2024-06, Vol.186, p.114344-114344, Article 114344
• Main Authors: Patil, Nikhil Dnyaneshwar, Bains, Aarti, Kaur, Sawinder, Yadav, Rahul, Goksen, Gulden, Ali, Nemat, AlAsmari, Abdullah F., Chawla, Prince
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biological Availability; Caco-2 Cells; Cellular uptake; Cicer - chemistry; Digestibility; Digestion; Ferritins - chemistry; Ferritins - metabolism; Food Handling - methods; Food, Fortified; Humans; Iron - chemistry; Iron - metabolism; Iron supplements; Minerals - chemistry; Particle Size; Plant Proteins - chemistry; Protein modification; Protein- mineral complex; Smoothie; Solubility; Succinic Acid - chemistry
• ISSN: 0963-9969; 1873-7145
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114344

[Display omitted] •Dual modifications improve mineral binding efficiency in the protein-iron complex.•The dual-modified protein complex exhibits increased thermal stability.•Dual modification boosts mineral bioavailability, ferritin, cellular transport, retention, and uptake.•Dual modification enhances protein-iron complex functionality. The research aimed to evaluate the effect of ultrasonication and succinylation on the functional, iron binding, physiochemical, and cellular mineral uptake efficacy of chickpea protein concentrate. Succinylation resulted in significant improvements in the water-holding capacity (WHC) (25.47 %), oil-holding capacity (OHC) (31.38 %), and solubility (5.80 %) of the chickpea protein-iron complex. Mineral bioavailability significantly increased by 4.41 %, and there was a significant increase in cellular mineral uptake (64.64 %), retention (36.68 %), and transport (27.96 %). The ferritin content of the succinylated chickpea protein-iron complex showed a substantial increase of 66.31%. Furthermore, the dual modification approach combining ultrasonication and succinylation reduced the particle size of the protein-iron complex with a substantial reduction of 83.25 %. It also resulted in a significant enhancement of 51.5 % in the SH (sulfhydryl) content and 48.92 % in the surface hydrophobicity. Mineral bioavailability and cellular mineral uptake, retention, and transport were further enhanced through dual modification. In terms of application, the addition of single and dual-modified chickpea protein-iron complex to a fruit-based smoothie demonstrated positive acceptance in sensory attributes. Overall, the combined approach of succinylation and ultrasonication to the chickpea protein-iron complex shows a promising strategy for enhancing the physiochemical and techno-functional characteristics, cellular mineral uptake, and the development of vegan food products.