The arousal level of consciousness required for working memory performance: An anaesthesia study

• Published in: The European journal of neuroscience 2024-06, Vol.59 (12), p.3151-3161
• Main Authors: Osaka, Mariko, Minamoto, Takehiro, Ikeda, Takashi, Nakae, Aya, Hagihira, Satoshi, Ito, Hiroshi, Fujino, Yuji, Mashimo, Takashi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; anaesthesia; Anesthesia; Arousal; Arousal - physiology; arousal level; attention control; Consciousness; Consciousness - drug effects; Consciousness - physiology; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives - administration & dosage; Hypnotics and Sedatives - pharmacology; long term memory; Male; Memory, Short-Term - drug effects; Memory, Short-Term - physiology; Mental task performance; Recognition, Psychology - physiology; working memory; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0953-816X; 1460-9568
• DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16383

Regarding the stage of arousal level required for working memory to function properly, limited studies have been conducted on changes in working memory performance when the arousal level of consciousness decreases. This study aimed to experimentally clarify the stages of consciousness necessary for optimal working memory function. In this experiment, the sedation levels were changed step‐by‐step using anaesthesia, and the performance accuracy during the execution of working memory was assessed using a dual‐task paradigm. Participants were required to categorize and remember words in a specific target category. Categorization performance was measured across four different sedative phases: before anaesthesia (baseline), and deep, moderate and light stages of sedation. Short‐delay recognition tasks were performed under these four sedative stages, followed by long‐delay recognition tasks after participants recovered from sedation. The results of the short‐delay recognition task showed that the performance was lowest at the deep stage. The performance of the moderate stage was lower than the baseline. In the long‐delay recognition task, the performance under moderate sedation was lower than that under baseline and light sedation. In addition, the performance under light sedation was lower than that under baseline. These results suggest that task performance becomes difficult under half sedation and that transferring information to long‐term memory is difficult even under one‐quarter sedation. The stage of arousal level required for working memory to function properly was investigated when the arousal level of consciousness decreased. The sedation level was changed step‐by‐step using anaesthesia, and the execution of dual‐task performance was examined. The results indicate that performing tasks becomes difficult under half sedation and that transfer to long‐term memory becomes difficult under one‐quarter sedation.