Multifunctional bilayer nanofibrous membrane enhances periodontal regeneration via mesenchymal stem cell recruitment and macrophage polarization

• Published in: International journal of biological macromolecules 2024-07, Vol.273 (Pt 1), p.132924, Article 132924
• Main Authors: Wang, Shaoru, Li, Chiyu, Chen, Shu, Jia, Wenyuan, Liu, Liping, Liu, Yun, Yang, Yuheng, Jiao, Kun, Yan, Yongzheng, Cheng, Zhiqiang, Liu, Guomin, Liu, Zhihui, Luo, Yungang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bilayer electrospun nanofibrous membrane; Macrophage polarization; Mesenchymal stem cell recruitment; Periodontal regeneration
• ISSN: 0141-8130; 1879-0003; 1879-0003
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132924

The continuous stimulation of periodontitis leads to a decrease in the number of stem cells within the lesion area and significantly impairing their regenerative capacity. Therefore, it is crucial to promote stem cell homing and regulate the local immune microenvironment to suppress inflammation for the regeneration of periodontitis-related tissue defects. Here, we fabricated a novel multifunctional bilayer nanofibrous membrane using electrospinning technology. The dense poly(caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers served as the barrier layer to resist epithelial invasion, while the polyvinyl alcohol/chitooligosaccharides (PVA/COS) composite nanofiber membrane loaded with calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB-Ca) acted as the functional layer. Material characterization tests revealed that the bilayer nanofibrous membrane presented desirable mechanical strength, stability, and excellent cytocompatibility. In vitro, PCL@PVA/COS/HMB-Ca (P@PCH) can not only directly promote rBMSCs migration and differentiation, but also induce macrophage toward pro-healing (M2) phenotype-polarization with increasing the secretion of anti-inflammatory and pro-healing cytokines, thus providing a favorable osteoimmune environment for stem cells recruitment and osteogenic differentiation. In vivo, the P@PCH membrane effectively recruited host MSCs to the defect area, alleviated inflammatory infiltration, and accelerated bone defects repair. Collectively, our data indicated that the P@PCH nanocomposite membrane might be a promising biomaterial candidate for guided tissue regeneration in periodontal applications. Representation of the preparation of P@PCH bilayer nanofibrous membrane and their application in periodontal tissue regeneration. [Display omitted] •A novel multifunctional bilayer nanofiber membrane was successfully constructed by electrospinning technology.•The bilayer nanofibrous membrane presented desirable mechanical strength, stability, and excellent biocompatibility.•The bilayer nanofibrous membrane could promote in vitro recruitment and direct osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs.•The bilayer nanofibrous membrane containing COS could effectively induce M2 macrophages polarization.•The bilayer nanofibrous membrane has the potential to guide and promote periodontal tissue regeneration.