Utilization of Additive Manufacturing Techniques for the Development of a Novel Scaffolds with Magnetic Properties for Potential Application in Enhanced Bone Regeneration

• Published in: Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) Germany), 2024-11, Vol.20 (44), p.e2402419-n/a
• Main Authors: Orozco‐Osorio, Yeison Alejandro, Gaita‐Anturi, Angela Victoria, Ossa‐Orozco, Claudia Patricia, Arias‐Acevedo, María, Uribe, Diego, Paucar, Carlos, Vasquez, Andres Felipe, Saldarriaga, Wilmer, Ramirez, Juan Gabriel, Lopera, Alex, García, Claudia
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acrylic resins; additive manufacturing; Animals; Biocompatibility; Biocompatible Materials - chemistry; Bone Regeneration; Coercivity; Compressive strength; Contact angle; Design optimization; Ferric Compounds - chemistry; Humans; Iron oxides; Lithography; Magnetic Phenomena; Magnetic properties; Magnetics; Magnetite; material synthesis; Mechanical properties; Minimal surfaces; Modulus of elasticity; Porosity; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Regeneration (physiology); Remanence; Scaffolds; Synthesis; Three dimensional printing; Tissue Engineering - methods; Tissue Scaffolds - chemistry
• ISSN: 1613-6810; 1613-6829; 1613-6829
• DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402419

This study focuses on designing and evaluating scaffolds with essential properties for bone regeneration, such as biocompatibility, macroporous geometry, mechanical strength, and magnetic responsiveness. The scaffolds are made using 3D printing with acrylic resin and iron oxides synthesized through solution combustion. Utilizing triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) geometry and mask stereolithography (MSLA) printing, the scaffolds achieve precise geometrical features. The mechanical properties are enhanced through resin curing, and magnetite particles from synthesized nanoparticles and alluvial magnetite are added for magnetic properties. The scaffolds show a balance between stiffness, porosity, and magnetic responsiveness, with maximum compression strength between 4.8 and 9.2 MPa and Young's modulus between 58 and 174 MPa. Magnetic properties such as magnetic coercivity, remanence, and saturation are measured, with the best results from scaffolds containing synthetic iron oxides at 1% weight. The viscosity of the mixtures used for printing is between 350 and 380 mPas, and contact angles between 90° and 110° are achieved. Biocompatibility tests indicate the potential for clinical trials, though further research is needed to understand the impact of magnetic properties on cellular interactions and optimize scaffold design for specific applications. This integrated approach offers a promising avenue for the development of advanced materials capable of promoting enhanced bone regeneration. This study designs and evaluates 3D‐printed magnetic scaffolds for bone regeneration, incorporating biocompatibility, macroporous geometry, mechanical strength, and magnetic responsiveness. Utilizing triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) and mask stereolithography (MSLA), the scaffolds achieve optimal balance between stiffness, porosity, and magnetic properties, with promising results in mechanical testing and biocompatibility, suggesting potential for future clinical trials in bone regeneration applications.