Bifunctional Ligands: Evaluating the Role of Acidic Protons in the Secondary Coordination Sphere

• Published in: Chemistry : a European journal 2024-10, Vol.30 (57), p.e202304292-n/a
• Main Authors: Jain, Anant Kumar, Malakar, Santanu, Cannon, Austin T., Gonzalez, Sophia Miranda M., Keller, Taylor M., Carroll, Patrick J., Gau, Michael R., Kuo, Jonathan L., Goldberg, Karen I.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Carbonyl compounds; Carbonyls; Coordination; Fluxionality; Hydrogen bonds; Ligands; Pincer ligands; Polymers; Protic ligands; Protons; Pyrazole; Pyrazoles; Pyridines; Secondary coordination sphere interactions; Substitution reactions
• ISSN: 0947-6539; 1521-3765; 1521-3765
• DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304292

To evaluate bifunctional ligand reactivity involving NH acidic sites in the secondary coordination sphere, complexes where the proton has been substituted with a methyl group (NMe) are often investigated. An alternative strategy involves substitution of the NH group for an O. This contribution considers and compares the merits of these approaches; the synthesis and characterization of cationic square‐planar Rh carbonyl complexes bearing diprotic bispyrazole pyridine ligand L1, and the bis‐methylated pyrazole pyridine ligand L1Me are described. The syntheses and characterization of the novel monoprotic pyrazole isoxazole pyridine ligand L2 and aprotic bisisoxazole pyridine ligand L3, and their corresponding Rh carbonyl complexes are also described. Comparison of the CO stretching frequencies of the four Rh complexes suggest that substitutions of NH with NMe, as well as with O, lead to significant electronic differences. These electronic differences result in different reactivities with respect to ligand addition/substitution of the Rh carbonyl complexes. Overall, the data suggest that electronic differences arising due to the NH substitutions can be significant and should be considered when the NH group is substituted in investigations of the participation of the NH proton in a reaction. Ancillary NH groups contained within ligands can participate in reactions through metal‐ligand cooperation. Substitution of the NH moiety by NMe or O can be used in the evaluation of its role. This study investigates how such substitutions also affect the electronics and the binding strengths of the ligand.