Dose‐dependent inactivation of Plasmodium falciparum in red blood cell concentrates by treatment with short‐wavelength ultraviolet light

• Published in: Vox sanguinis 2024-10, Vol.119 (10), p.1082-1089
• Main Authors: Fischer, Swantje, Zilkenat, Susann, Rosse, Mona, Schulze, Torsten J., Seltsam, Axel, Handke, Wiebke, Lepenies, Bernd, Gravemann, Ute
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Blood & organ donations; Blood donors; Blood parasites; blood safety; Deactivation; Density; Dilution; Disease transmission; Effectiveness; Erythrocytes; Health risks; Inactivation; Irradiation; Malaria; Parasites; pathogen inactivation; pathogen reduction; Photochemicals; Plasmodium falciparum; Radiation dosage; transfusion‐transmitted malaria; Travellers; Ultraviolet radiation; UVC inactivation; Vector-borne diseases; Wavelength
• ISSN: 0042-9007; 1423-0410; 1423-0410
• DOI: 10.1111/vox.13714

Background and Objectives Plasmodium species are naturally transmitted by Anopheles mosquitos. The parasite infects red blood cells (RBCs) and can be transfused with blood products. In non‐endemic areas, the main risk of infection arises from travellers coming back and people immigrating from malaria‐endemic regions. Endemic countries face a permanent risk of infection from transfusion‐transmitted malaria (TTM). TTM may cause life‐threatening complications in patients dependent on blood donations. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Plasmodium falciparum inactivation in RBC units by treatment with short‐wavelength ultraviolet C (UVC) light in the absence of photochemical additives. Materials and Methods RBC units were spiked with P. falciparum to a parasite density of 0.1%–1% and irradiated with up to 4.5 J/cm2 UVC. The parasite density of UVC‐treated dilution series and untreated controls were compared over 3 weeks after irradiation. Results The lowest dose of 1.5 J/cm2 UVC led to a 3.1 log reduction in parasite load compared with the untreated control. The inactivation capacity was dose‐dependent. Strikingly, 4.5 J/cm2 led to ≥5.3 log unit reduction, which was equivalent to a complete inactivation in two out of three experiments. Conclusion Pathogen reduction with UVC light was previously shown to be effective for different bacteria and viruses, but the inactivation of parasites in RBC concentrates was not addressed until now. The present study provides evidence for significant inactivation of P. falciparum‐infected RBCs by UVC light.