Degradation Mechanisms of Mortar and Plaster Layers

This article presents a case of complex investigation of defects of lime mortar and plaster that have been developing over a period of 48 years in a house in Prague and are strongly influenced by thermal and salt crystallization cycles. The aim of this research was to describe the degradation phenom...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Materials 2024-07, Vol.17 (14), p.3419
Main Authors: Drdácký, Miloš, Ševčík, Radek, Frankeová, Dita, Koudelková, Veronika, Buzek, Jaroslav, Eisler, Marek, Valach, Jaroslav
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chronology
Composite materials
Confined spaces
Crystal defects
Crystallization
Crystals
Deformation analysis
Deformation mechanisms
Degradation
Failure analysis
Humidity
Infrared analysis
Infrared imaging
Infrared lasers
Investigations
Ion exchange
Masonry
Moisture content
Mortars (material)
Nondestructive testing
Photogrammetry
Plaster
Plasters
Porous materials
Salt
Sensors
Stone
Structural members
Temperature
Thermography
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Summary:This article presents a case of complex investigation of defects of lime mortar and plaster that have been developing over a period of 48 years in a house in Prague and are strongly influenced by thermal and salt crystallization cycles. The aim of this research was to describe the degradation phenomena of mortars and plasters observed on a narrowly limited part of the building, combining structural elements of different types and ages and to explain the mechanisms of their formation and development. The geometric characteristics of the defects were determined by non-destructive methods, especially optical interference moiré, laser profilometry, photogrammetry, and infrared thermography. Material data were determined on samples by electron microscopy, ion exchange chromatography, and direct moisture content measurements. The results supported the hypothesis of the increase in the deformation of large buckles of detached plasters by the mechanism of buckling caused by loading of the edges with compression generated by volume changes. Direct loading of the boundary surfaces causes the formation of bulges in the confined areas. This study shows the importance of failure analysis of real structures to gain knowledge about the behavior of structures and materials under long-term service conditions.
ISSN:1996-1944
1996-1944
DOI:10.3390/ma17143419