Citric Acid and Polyvinyl Alcohol Induced PEDOT: PSS with Enhanced Electrical Conductivity and Stretchability for Eco‐Friendly, Self‐Healable, Wearable Organic Thermoelectrics

• Published in: Macromolecular rapid communications. 2024-10, Vol.45 (20), p.e2400394-n/a
• Main Authors: Lu, Lijun, Cao, Guibin, Huang, Yueting, Yan, Yibin, Liang, Yongxin, Zhao, Boyu, Chen, Zhifu, Gao, Chunmei, Wang, Lei
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biocompatibility; Biodegradable materials; Biodegradation; Citric acid; Composite materials; eco‐friendly; Electrical conductivity; Electrical resistivity; Healing; Hydrogen bonding; pedot: pss; Polystyrene resins; Polyvinyl alcohol; Power factor; Reagents; Recovery; self‐healable; Stretchability; stretchable; Styrene; Tensile strain; Thermoelectric materials; Thermoelectricity; wearable organic thermoelectrics; Wearable technology
• ISSN: 1022-1336; 1521-3927; 1521-3927
• DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400394

Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) is a promising material for organic thermoelectric (TE) applications. However, it is challenging to achieve PEDOT: PSS composites with stretchable, self‐healable, and high TE performance. Furthermore, some existing self‐healing TE materials employ toxic reagents, posing risks to human health and the environment. In this study, a novel intrinsically self‐healable and wearable composite is developed by incorporating environmentally friendly, highly biocompatible, and biodegradable materials of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and citric acid (CA) into PEDOT: PSS. This results in the formation of double hydrogen bonding networks among CA, PVA, and PEDOT: PSS, inducing microstructure alignment and leading to simultaneous enhancements in both TE performance and stretchability. The resulting composites exhibit a high electrical conductivity and power factor of 259.3 ± 11.7 S·cm−1, 6.9 ± 0.4 µW·m−1·K−2, along with a tensile strain up to 68%. Furthermore, the composites display impressive self‐healing ability, with 84% recovery in electrical conductivity and an 85% recovery in tensile strain. Additionally, the temperature and strain sensors based on the PEDOT: PSS/PVA/CA are prepared, which exhibit high resolution suitable for human–machine interaction and wearable devices. This work provides a reliable and robust solution for the development of environmentally friendly, self‐healing and wearable TE thermoelectrics. A green composite comprising polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), citric acid (CA), and PEDOT: PSS is engineered, enabling the formation of double hydrogen bonding networks. This alignment of microstructures results in concurrent improvements in stretchability, self‐healing capabilities, and thermoelectric performance. Leveraging this composite, strain, and temperature sensors are developed, showcasing high resolution ideal for human–machine interaction and wearable devices.