Antimicrobial cyclodextrin-assisted electrospun fibers loaded with carvacrol, citronellol and cinnamic acid for wound healing

• Published in: International journal of biological macromolecules 2024-10, Vol.277 (Pt 3), p.134154, Article 134154
• Main Authors: Gonzalez-Prada, Iago, Borges, Anabela, Santos-Torres, Beatriz, Magariños, Beatriz, Simões, Manuel, Concheiro, Angel, Alvarez-Lorenzo, Carmen
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antimicrobial; Antioxidant; Cyclodextrin; Electrospinning; Essential oil components; In ovo CAM test
• ISSN: 0141-8130; 1879-0003; 1879-0003
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134154

This work aimed to explore an alternative to the use of antibiotics for prevention and treatment of wounds infection caused by two common bacterial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For this purpose, three different essential oil components (EOCs), namely carvacrol, citronellol and cinnamic acid, were loaded into electrospun fibers of poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) aided by alpha-cyclodextrin (αCD) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD). Electrospun-fibers prepared with each EOC and their mixtures were screened for antimicrobial capability and characterized regarding morphological, mechanical, thermal, surface polarity, antibiofilm and antioxidant properties. αCD formed poly(pseudo)rotaxanes with PCL and weakly interacted with EOCs, while HPβCD facilitated EOC encapsulation and formation of homogeneous fibers (500–1000 nm diameter) without beads. PCL/HPβCD fibers with high concentration of EOCs (mainly carvacrol and cinnamic acid) showed strong antibiofilm (>3 log CFU reduction) and antioxidant activity (10–50% DPPH scavenging effects). Different performances were recorded for the EOCs and their mixtures; cinnamic acid migrated to fiber surface and was released faster. Fibers biocompatibility was verified using hemolysis tests and in ovo tissue integration and angiogenesis assays. Overall, HPβCD facilitates complete release of EOCs from the fibers to the aqueous medium, being an environment-friendly and cost-effective strategy for the treatment of infected wounds. •Structurally different EOCs can be electrospun in PCL fibers with the aid of cyclodextrins (CDs).•In absence of CDs, the EOCs melt the PCL fibers or migrate to their surface.•αCD forms poly(pseudo)rotaxanes with PCL but the stronger fibers failed to host EOCs.•HPβCD preferentially hosts EOCs, facilitates the electrospinning and regulates EOCs release.•PCL/HPβCD electrospun fibers with carvacrol or cinnamic acid and their binary mixtures efficiently inhibit bacteria biofilm.