Narrow band imaging: Important tool for early diagnosis, management, and improved outcomes in gastrointestinal lesions

• Published in: World journal of surgery 2024-10, Vol.48 (10), p.2505-2514
• Main Authors: Anees, Afzal, Ali, Afreen, Hassan, Shaan, Fatima, Shereen, Jameel, Hazique
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; colorectal; Early Detection of Cancer - methods; Early Diagnosis; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal - methods; esophagus; Female; gastrointestinal; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - diagnosis; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Narrow Band Imaging - methods; Predictive Value of Tests; Sensitivity and Specificity; stomach
• ISSN: 0364-2313; 1432-2323; 1432-2323
• DOI: 10.1002/wjs.12348

Background Narrow band imaging‐magnifying endoscopy (NBI‐ME) is used to identify changes in mucosal or vascular pattern observed on GI endoscopy in real time on the basis of optical image enhancement.It has a significant role in early detection of dysplasia, premalignant, and Malignant lesions along with its depth of invasion. Materials and methods Upper and lower GI endoscopy performed in 1742 patients who presented with gastrointestinal symptoms at this tertiary center over 5 years out of which 1623 were evaluated with both NBI‐ME and histopathology. Real time endoscopic assessment was performed. Targeted biopsies were taken for comparative analysis. Results Of the 1742 patients, 119 were excluded from the study. 807 underwent upper GI endoscopy and 816 underwent lower GI endoscopy. Mean age of presentation was 38 +/− 2.7 years. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of NBI‐ME for neoplastic esophageal lesions were 96.3%, 90.6%, 91.1%, 96.03%, respectively. For Barrett's esophagus it was 95.4%, 90.7%, 86.1%, and 90.7%; For gastric neoplastic lesions the values were 96.1%, 91.04%, 83.8%, and 97.9%. For colorectal it was 96.7%, 91.3%, 88.0%, and 97.7%. Overall sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of NBI‐ME for neoplastic lesions (both upper and lower GI) were 96.2%, 91.0%, 96.2%, and 97.2%. Of the 1623 patients, 951 received medical management with regular surveillance and 672 patients with high‐grade dysplasia, premalignant, and malignant conditions underwent interventions in form of either endoscopy or surgery. Conclusion NBI‐ME has a greater role and can be considered as an effective tool in making early diagnosis and guiding optimum treatment.