Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy unmasks high‐risk atherosclerotic features in human coronary artery disease

Coronary plaque rupture remains the prominent mechanism of myocardial infarction. Accurate identification of rupture‐prone plaque may improve clinical management. This study assessed the discriminatory performance of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in human cardiac explants to detect hi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The FASEB journal 2024-09, Vol.38 (18), p.e70069-n/a
Main Authors: Chen, Michael, Suwannaphoom, Krit, Sanaiha, Yas, Luo, Yuan, Benharash, Peyman, Fishbein, Michael C., Packard, René R. Sevag
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Atherosclerosis - pathology
Coronary Artery Disease - pathology
Coronary Vessels - pathology
Dielectric Spectroscopy - methods
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Female
fibrous cap
high‐risk plaque
human coronary artery disease
Humans
inflammation
invasive sensor
Male
Middle Aged
necrotic core
Plaque, Atherosclerotic - diagnostic imaging
Plaque, Atherosclerotic - pathology
Prospective Studies
Risk Factors
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Summary:Coronary plaque rupture remains the prominent mechanism of myocardial infarction. Accurate identification of rupture‐prone plaque may improve clinical management. This study assessed the discriminatory performance of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in human cardiac explants to detect high‐risk atherosclerotic features that portend rupture risk. In this single‐center, prospective study, n = 26 cardiac explants were collected for EIS interrogation of the three major coronary arteries. Vessels in which advancement of the EIS catheter without iatrogenic plaque disruption was rendered impossible were not assessed. N = 61 vessels underwent EIS measurement and histological analyses. Plaques were dichotomized according to previously established high rupture‐risk parameter thresholds. Diagnostic performance was determined via receiver operating characteristic areas‐under‐the‐curve (AUC). Necrotic cores were identified in n = 19 vessels (median area 1.53 mm2) with a median fibrous cap thickness of 62 μm. Impedance was significantly greater in plaques with necrotic core area ≥1.75 mm2 versus 65 μm (19.1 ± 3.5 kΩ vs. 6.5 ± 0.9 kΩ, p = .004), and ≥20 macrophages per 0.3 mm‐diameter high‐power field (HPF) versus
ISSN:0892-6638
1530-6860
1530-6860
DOI:10.1096/fj.202401200R