Comparing the effects of time-restricted eating on glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes with standard dietetic practice: A randomised controlled trial

• Published in: Diabetes research and clinical practice 2024-11, Vol.217, p.111893, Article 111893
• Main Authors: Parr, Evelyn B., Radford, Bridget E., Hall, Rebecca C., Steventon-Lorenzen, Nikolai, Flint, Steve A., Siviour, Zoe, Plessas, Connie, Halson, Shona L., Brennan, Leah, Kouw, Imre W.K., Johnston, Rich D., Devlin, Brooke L., Hawley, John A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Blood glucose; Blood Glucose - analysis; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Chrono-nutrition; Continuous glucose monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - diet therapy; Dietetics - methods; Dietitian; Eating window; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin - analysis; Glycated Hemoglobin - metabolism; Glycemic Control - methods; HbA1c; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity - blood; Obesity - diet therapy
• ISSN: 0168-8227; 1872-8227; 1872-8227
• DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111893

•HbA1c comparably improved in both TRE and individualised dietetic guidance.•TRE is an alternate dietary strategy to improve glycaemic control.•TRE may be an initial dietary strategy prior to employing other dietetic guidance. To test the efficacy of time-restricted eating (TRE) in comparison to dietitian-led individualised dietary guidance to improve HbA1c in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. In a parallel groups design, 51 adults (35–65 y) with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and overweight/obesity (HbA1c ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol), BMI ≥25-≤40 kg/m2) commenced a six-month intervention. Following baseline, participants were randomised to TRE (1000–1900 h) or DIET (individualised dietetic guidance) with four consultations over four months. Changes in HbA1c (primary), body composition, and self-reported adherence (secondary) were analysed using linear mixed models. A non-inferiority margin of 0.3% (4 mmol/mol) HbA1c was set a priori. Forty-three participants (56 ± 8 y, BMI: 33 ± 5 kg/m2, HbA1c: 7.6 ± 0.8%) completed the intervention. HbA1c was reduced (P=0.002; TRE: −0.4% (−5 mmol/mol), DIET: −0.3% (−4 mmol/mol)) with no group or interaction effects; TRE was non-inferior to DIET (−0.11%, 95%CI: −0.50% to 0.28%). Body mass reduced in both groups (TRE: −1.7 kg; DIET: −1.2 kg) via ∼900 kJ/d spontaneous energy reduction (P