Divergent hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic responses to the components of evening meals. A general adult population study in individuals without diabetes (AEGIS study)

Few real-life studies have analyzed the glycemic response to nutrients in individuals without diabetes. We investigated the glycemic response to evening meals in relation to individual characteristics, nutrient components, and preprandial and postprandial routines. A cross-sectional study of 489 ind...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Scotland), 2024-12, Vol.43 (12), p.379-390
Main Authors: González-Vidal, Tomás, Calvo-Malvar, Mar, Fernández-Merino, Carmen, Sánchez-Castro, Juan, Lado-Baleato, Óscar, Díaz-Louzao, Carla, Pazos-Couselo, Marcos, Alonso-Sampedro, Manuela, Matabuena, Marcos, Gude, Francisco
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Blood Glucose - analysis
Blood Glucose - metabolism
Body Mass Index
Continuous glucose monitoring
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diet
Fasting
Female
Glycemic Index
Humans
Hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia
Male
Meals - physiology
Middle Aged
Nutrient components
Postprandial glucose
Postprandial Period - physiology
Young Adult
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Summary:Few real-life studies have analyzed the glycemic response to nutrients in individuals without diabetes. We investigated the glycemic response to evening meals in relation to individual characteristics, nutrient components, and preprandial and postprandial routines. A cross-sectional study of 489 individuals without diabetes from a randomly selected general adult population (310 women, median age 46 years, range 18–84 years) was conducted using a continuous glucose monitoring device for 7 days. The study recorded the participants’ glycemic profile at 6 h after dinner, the food consumed at dinner, the fasting duration before dinner, and the duration between the end of dinner and going to bed. Principal component analysis and multilevel functional data analysis were used to interpret the data. On average, a postprandial glycemic peak was observed at 45 min, followed by a decline to baseline levels from 90 min onwards. Older age, higher body mass index, and large meals (especially those high in starch and dairy products) were all significantly associated with higher glucose levels throughout the 6 h after dinner. The fruit component was associated with a higher initial glycemic peak, followed by a lowering glycemic effect thereafter (p 
ISSN:0261-5614
1532-1983
1532-1983
DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2024.11.020