Investigating the Associations Between COVID-19, Long COVID, and Sleep Disturbances: Cross-Sectional Study

COVID-19 has not only resulted in acute health issues but also led to persistent symptoms known as long COVID, which have been linked to disruptions in sleep quality. This study aims to investigate the associations between COVID-19, long COVID, and sleep disturbances, focusing on demographic, socioe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:JMIR public health and surveillance 2024-12, Vol.10, p.e53522
Main Authors: Shao, Heng, Chen, Hui, Xu, Kewang, Gan, Quan, Chen, Meiling, Zhao, Yanyu, Yu, Shun, Li, Yutong Kelly, Chen, Lihua, Cai, Bibo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
China - epidemiology
COVID-19 - complications
COVID-19 - epidemiology
COVID-19 - psychology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Sleep Quality
Sleep Wake Disorders - epidemiology
Surveys and Questionnaires
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Summary:COVID-19 has not only resulted in acute health issues but also led to persistent symptoms known as long COVID, which have been linked to disruptions in sleep quality. This study aims to investigate the associations between COVID-19, long COVID, and sleep disturbances, focusing on demographic, socioeconomic, and psychological factors among a Chinese population. This cross-sectional study included 1062 participants from China. Demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical data were collected through web-based questionnaires. Participants were divided into 2 groups based on COVID-19 infection status: infected and noninfected. Within the infected group, participants were further categorized into those with long COVID and those without long COVID. Noninfected participants were included in the non-long COVID group for comparison. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), while depression and anxiety were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scales, respectively. Multivariable linear regression was conducted to examine the associations between COVID-19, long COVID, and sleep quality, adjusting for demographic and psychosocial factors. COVID-19 infection was confirmed in 857 participants, with 273 of them developing long COVID. No significant sex disparities were observed in infection rates (P=.63). However, a marginal statistical difference was noted in the prevalence of long COVID among females (P=.051). Age was significantly associated with both infection rates (P
ISSN:2369-2960
2369-2960
DOI:10.2196/53522