Integrative metabolomics and chemometrics depict the metabolic alterations of differently processed red kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and in relation to in-vitro anti-diabetic efficacy

• Published in: Food research international 2024-09, Vol.192, p.114786, Article 114786
• Main Authors: Ghallab, Dina S., Ghareeb, Doaa A., Goda, Doaa A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: alpha-amylase; alpha-Amylases - metabolism; bioactive compounds; Chemometrics; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; citrulline; Cooking; Dehulling; diabetes; dietary supplements; dipeptides; ergosterol; Fermentation; Food Handling - methods; food research; formononetin; Germination; hulling; Hypoglycemic Agents - pharmacology; linoleic acid; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; metabolites; metabolomics; Metabolomics - methods; oleic acid; Phaseolus - chemistry; Phaseolus vulgaris; quercetin; Red kidney beans; Seeds - chemistry; stigmasterol; Tandem Mass Spectrometry - methods; α-amylase and α-glycosidase inhibitory activities
• ISSN: 0963-9969; 1873-7145; 1873-7145
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114786

[Display omitted] •Different processing protocols namely germination, fermentation, cooking and dehulling were implemented on RKB.•Comparative metabolomics analysis of differently processed red beans revealed changing trends in their chemical profiles.•Flavonoids and fatty acids experienced notable accumulation post germination and cooking treatments.•Sprouted and cooked samples markedly suppressed α-amylase and α-glycosidase enzymes.•Formononetin, gamabufotalin, carlinoside and linolenoyl-glycerol were bioactive fingerprints beyond anti-diabetic efficacy of RKB. Red kidney beans (RKB) serve as a powerhouse packed with a plethora of largely unexplored extraordinary chemical entities with potential significance. However, their nutraceutical applications as a functional hypoglycemic food still lag behind and warrant further investigation. With a scope to optimize chemical and biological traits of RKB, green modification approaches (processing methods) seem inevitable. Accordingly, the current study offered the first integrative workflow to scrutinize dynamic changes in chemical profiles of differently processed RKB and their potential entanglements on diabetes mitigation using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) coupled with chemometrics. Different physical and biological processing treatments namely germination, fermentation, cooking and dehulling were preliminarily implemented on RKB. Complementarily, the concomitant metabolite alterations among differently processed RKB were monitored and interpreted. Next, an in-vitro α-amylase and α-glycosidase inhibitory testing of the differently processed samples was conducted and integrated with orthogonal projection to latent structures (OPLS) analysis to pinpoint the possible efficacy compounds. A total of 72 compounds spanning fatty acids and their glycerides, flavonoids, phenolic acids, amino acids, dipeptides, phytosterols and betaxanthins were profiled. Given this analysis and compared with raw unprocessed samples, it was found that flavonoids experienced notable accumulation during germination while both fermentation and dehulling approaches sharply intensified the content of amino acids and dipeptides. Comparably, Fatty acids, phytosterols and betaxanthins were unevenly distributed among the comparable samples. Admittedly, OPLS-DA revealed an evident discrimination among the processed samples assuring their quite compositional discrepancies. In a more targeted approach, kae