Influence of age, gender, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, and pre-existing diseases in antibody response after COVID-19 vaccination: A review

Vaccines induce specific long-term immunological memory against pathogens, preventing the worsening of diseases. The COVID-19 health emergency has caused more than 6 million deaths and started a race for vaccine development. Antibody response to COVID-19 vaccines has been investigated primarily in h...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular immunology 2023-04, Vol.156, p.148-155
Main Authors: Fernandes, Maria da Conceição Rodrigues, Vasconcelos, Germana Silva, de Melo, Amanda Campelo Lima, Matsui, Tamires Cardoso, Caetano, Ludmilla Freire, de Carvalho Araújo, Fernanda Montenegro, Fonseca, Marcela Helena Gambim
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies, Viral
Antibody Formation
Antibody response
COVID-19
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 infection
COVID-19 Vaccines
gender
health services
Humans
immunologic memory
Preexisting Condition Coverage
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Vaccination
Vaccine
vaccine development
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Summary:Vaccines induce specific long-term immunological memory against pathogens, preventing the worsening of diseases. The COVID-19 health emergency has caused more than 6 million deaths and started a race for vaccine development. Antibody response to COVID-19 vaccines has been investigated primarily in healthcare workers. The heterogeneity of immune responses and the behavior of this response in particular groups were still very little explored. In this review, we discuss whether antibody responses after vaccination are influenced by age, gender, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, or pre-existing diseases. [Display omitted] •Negative correlation between age and immune response after immunization.•Females has a more robust immune response to COVID-19 vaccination than males.•Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection influenced the humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines.
ISSN:0161-5890
1872-9142
DOI:10.1016/j.molimm.2023.03.007