In vitro gastrointestinal digestion of a novel toffee type soft candy formulated by a latex obtained from Gundelia tournefortii L. and enriched with a lactic acid-based propolis extract

• Published in: Food and bioproducts processing 2024-09, Vol.147, p.82-91
• Main Authors: Gunes, Recep, Palabiyik, Ibrahim, Ceylan, Fatma Duygu, Capanoglu, Esra, Yurt, Bayram, Kurultay, Sefik
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bioaccessibility; bioavailability; biobased products; caffeic acid; candy; chlorogenic acid; color; digestion; ferulic acid; gastrointestinal system; Gundelia tournefortii; Kenger gum; lactic acid; latex; Optimization; propolis; Propolis extract; rosmarinic acid; sinapic acid; texture; Toffee; water activity
• ISSN: 0960-3085
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2024.06.003

In this study, a toffee type soft candy product was developed for the first time with a new production process by means of using a plant based latex (kenger gum) obtained from Gundelia tournefortii L. D-optimal mixture design was used for the optimization of components in the kenger gum added sugared (KGS) and sugar-free (KGSF) candy samples. According to optimization step, the amounts of kenger gum that provided the best sensory scores were found as 2.16 g/100 g and 2.00 g/100 g sample for KGS and KGSF formulations, respectively, and then lactic acid (80 %) based propolis extract (LPE, 0.5 %, 1 %, 2.5 %) were added to these novel candy samples. According to the results, water activity values were determined as 0.6210–0.6315, 0.6197–0.6290 and 0.5226–0.5313 for the control, KGS, and KGSF groups, respectively. Considering the instrumental texture and color parameters, use of kenger gum and different amounts of LPE caused differences in the characteristic properties of samples. Compared to the control group, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, and rosmarinic acid were detected in the samples with added kenger gum. The presence of both kenger gum and LPE in candy samples might have resulted with an interaction and affected the in vitro bioaccessibility of the phenolic compounds. [Display omitted] •Use of kenger gum was tried in toffee type candy production with a new process.•Kenger gum was optimized for sugared and sugar-free samples as 2.16 and 2.00 g/100 g.•The samples were enriched with lactic acid (80 %) based propolis extract (LPE).•0.5–1 % LPE can be used in toffee type products without causing any adverse effects.