Enteropancreatic hormone changes in caloric-restricted diet interventions associate with post-intervention weight maintenance

• Published in: Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Scotland), 2024-12, Vol.43 (12), p.5-14
• Main Authors: Lin, Huibin, Wang, Qiaoling, Gao, Aibo, Sun, Yingkai, Shen, Chongrong, Chen, Yufei, Wang, Zhifeng, Xu, Xiaoqiang, Ni, Mengshan, Chen, Yanru, Zhang, Juan, Luo, Yaogan, Lin, Xu, Bi, Yufang, Ning, Guang, Wang, Weiqing, Hong, Jie, Gu, Weiqiong, Wang, Jiqiu, Liu, Ruixin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; biomarkers; blood serum; Body Weight Maintenance; Caloric Restriction - methods; clinical nutrition; Diet, Mediterranean; Dietary intervention; Enteropancreatic hormones; fasting; Female; Gastrointestinal Hormones - blood; ghrelin; Ghrelin - blood; glucagon; Glucagon - blood; glucagon-like peptide 1; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - blood; Humans; Islet Amyloid Polypeptide - blood; low calorie diet; Male; Mediterranean diet; Middle Aged; Obesity; Obesity - diet therapy; Obesity - therapy; Overweight - blood; Overweight - diet therapy; Overweight - therapy; peptide YY; Prediabetes; weight control; Weight regain
• ISSN: 0261-5614; 1532-1983; 1532-1983
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.10.004

To explore enteropancreatic hormone changes during isocaloric-restricted dietary interventions and their impact on post-intervention weight maintenance. 253 individuals with overweight/obesity and prediabetes were randomly assigned to 25% isocaloric-restricted diets: Control diet, Traditional Jiangnan diet or Mediterranean diet. Serum hormones and clinical indices were evaluated at 0, 3 and 6 months. Body weight values were collected again 6 months after completing interventions. We observed decreased fasting and post-glucose load levels of glucagon, amylin, peptide YY, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) while increased ghrelin at three months after 25% calorie restriction (CR) of three dietary interventions, and most of these changes were sustained through the six month-treatment period. Interestingly, changes in appetite-inhibitory hormones glucagon, amylin and GLP-1 showed positive associations with body weight change while appetite-promoting hormone ghrelin showed an inverse association during intervention. Furthermore, subjects with more reduction in amylin and GLP-1, or more increase in ghrelin during intervention showed a greater increase in body weight after completing intervention. CR intervention results in consistent hormone signatures regardless of dietary patterns. More changes in amylin, GLP-1 or ghrelin levels during CR are associated with poor weight maintenance after intervention, supporting that CR-induced hormone changes as biomarkers for predicting weight maintenance after intervention. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03856762.