Trends and disability-attributable risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Southeast Asia (1990–2019): An in-depth 30-year analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study

• Published in: Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases, 2025-01, Vol.35 (1), p.103750, Article 103750
• Main Authors: Nugrahani, Annisa Salsabilla Dwi, Muharram, Farizal Rizky, Novida, Hermina, Swannjo, Julian Benedict, Wibisono, Sony, Wungu, Citrawati Dyah Kencono
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; air pollution; Asia, Southeastern - epidemiology; blood glucose; body mass index; burden of disease; Cambodia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - diagnosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - mortality; Disability Evaluation; Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs); Disability-Adjusted Life Years - trends; Female; Global burden of disease (GBD); Global Burden of Disease - trends; gross domestic product; Humans; Indonesia; Male; metabolism; Middle Aged; mortality; Non-communicable disease; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; nutrition; Prevalence; regression analysis; risk; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sex Distribution; Singapore; Time Factors; tobacco use; Type 2 diabetes mellitus
• ISSN: 0939-4753; 1590-3729; 1590-3729
• DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.09.020

To provide insight on targeted approach to mitigate diabetes burden, this research aims to analyze the trends of prevalence, mortality, and disability attributable to risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from 1990 to 2019 in the Southeast Asia (SEA) region. Age-standardized rates for prevalence (ASPR), mortality (ASMR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease Study were assessed. DALYs-related risk factors were estimated using multivariate regression analysis and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to quantify the temporal trends. Over 30 years, the SEA region experienced a 59.5 % rise in T2DM ASPR, 17.33 % in ASMR, and 26.97 % in DALYs. The T2DM DALYs rate per 100,000 population was 1002.91 (885.23–1132.40) in 1990 and 1273.42 (1103.92–1452.41) in 2019, increasing by 27 %. Cambodia and Indonesia had the highest worsening in three parameters, while most significant improvement in all parameters was observed in Singapore. The curvilinear association was demonstrated between ASMR and DALYs to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. Prominent risk factors affecting DALYs increase were high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (p