Multicriteria value assessment of alternative water resources: a comparative study on desalinated seawater and potable reclaimed water in Qingdao City

The intensifying global freshwater crisis has amplified the strategic importance of non-conventional water resources (NCWRs), particularly desalinated seawater (DSW) and potable reclaimed water (PRW). Effectively allocating these diverse NCWRs requires balancing ecological protection with economic d...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water science and technology 2025-12, Vol.92 (12), p.1567-1582
Main Authors: Yang, Ling, Mu, Chunxia, Liao, Qi, Liu, Ying, Chen, Di
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
21st century
Accounting
Brackish water
China
Cities
Comparative analysis
Comparative studies
Conservation of Natural Resources
Conservation of Water Resources - economics
Cost effectiveness
Cost estimates
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Decision making
Desalination
Drinking Water
Economic development
Economics
Effluents
Energy consumption
Environmental impact
Environmental objective
Fossil fuels
Freshwater
Inland water environment
Multiple criterion
Pricing policies
Production capacity
Reclaimed water
Salinity
Seawater
Seawater - chemistry
Water allocation
Water quality
Water Resources
Water shortages
Water supply
Water treatment
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