Imaging of engineered nanoparticles and their aggregates under fully liquid conditions in environmental matrices

The increasing industrial production of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) raises concern over their safety to humans and the environment. There is a lack of knowledge regarding the environmental fate and impact of ENPs and in situ methods are needed to investigate e.g. nanoparticle aggregation and ads...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water research (Oxford) 2009-07, Vol.43 (13), p.3335-3343
Main Authors: Tiede, Karen, Tear, Steven P., David, Helen, Boxall, Alistair B.A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Aquatic systems
Capsules
ecotoxicology
Environment
environmental fate
environmental impact
Exact sciences and technology
Ferric Compounds - chemistry
Fresh Water - chemistry
Gold - chemistry
image analysis
iron oxides
Kinetics
Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry
Metal Nanoparticles - ultrastructure
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning - methods
nanoparticles
Nanotechnology
Other industrial wastes. Sewage sludge
pollutants
Pollution
Sample preparation
Scanning electron microscopy
spectroscopy
Titanium - chemistry
titanium dioxide
Wastes
Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry
Water treatment and pollution
Wet imaging
WetSEM
Zinc Oxide - chemistry
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Summary:The increasing industrial production of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) raises concern over their safety to humans and the environment. There is a lack of knowledge regarding the environmental fate and impact of ENPs and in situ methods are needed to investigate e.g. nanoparticle aggregation and adsorption in the media of concern such as water, sediment and soil. In this study, the application of wet scanning electron microscopy (WetSEM™) technology in combination with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to visualise and elementally identify metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (Au, TiO 2, ZnO and Fe 2O 3) under fully liquid conditions in distilled and lake water as well as in a soil suspension has been investigated. WetSEM™ capsules comprise an electron transparent membrane enabling the imaging and EDS analysis of liquid samples. Results are compared with conventional SEM images and show that WetSEM™/EDS is a promising complementary tool for the in situ investigation of ENPs and their aggregates in natural matrices. In combination with other analytical tools (e.g. HDC- or FFF-ICP-MS, DLS), WetSEM™ could help to provide a better understanding of the fate and behaviour of ENPs in the environment.
ISSN:0043-1354
1879-2448
DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2009.04.045