Occurrence and removal of N-nitrosamines in wastewater treatment plants

The presence of nitrosamines in wastewater might pose a risk to water resources even in countries where chlorination or chloramination are hardly used for water disinfection. We studied the variation of concentrations and removal efficiencies of eight N-nitrosamines among 21 full-scale sewage treatm...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water research (Oxford) 2009-09, Vol.43 (17), p.4381-4391
Main Authors: Krauss, Martin, Longrée, Philipp, Dorusch, Falk, Ort, Christoph, Hollender, Juliane
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Degradation
Domestic
Effluents
Exact sciences and technology
Humans
N-Nitrosomorpholine
NDMA
Nitrosamine
Nitrosamines
Nitrosamines - analysis
Nitrosamines - isolation & purification
Nitrosamines - urine
Other industrial wastes. Sewage sludge
Pollution
Quality Control
Sand
Sewage
Sewage treatment plant
Surface water
Waste water
Wastes
Wastewater
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water Pollutants, Chemical - isolation & purification
Water Pollutants, Chemical - urine
Water resources
Water treatment and pollution
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Summary:The presence of nitrosamines in wastewater might pose a risk to water resources even in countries where chlorination or chloramination are hardly used for water disinfection. We studied the variation of concentrations and removal efficiencies of eight N-nitrosamines among 21 full-scale sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Switzerland and temporal variations at one of these plants. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was the predominant compound in STP primary effluents with median concentrations in the range of 5–20 ng/L, but peak concentrations up to 1 μg/L. N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) was abundant in all plants at concentrations of 5–30 ng/L, other nitrosamines occurred at a lower number of plants at similar levels. From concentrations in urine samples and domestic wastewater we estimated that human excretion accounted for levels of
ISSN:0043-1354
1879-2448
DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2009.06.048