Shock focusing in a planar convergent geometry: experiment and simulation

• Published in: Journal of fluid mechanics 2009-12, Vol.641, p.297-333
• Main Authors: BOND, C., HILL, D. J., MEIRON, D. I., DIMOTAKIS, P. E.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Carbon dioxide; Compressible flows; shock and detonation phenomena; Eulers equations; Exact sciences and technology; flow structure interactions; Fluid dynamics; Fluid mechanics; Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications); gas dynamics; Gas flow; Physics; Shock waves; Shock-wave interactions and shock effects; Simulation
• ISSN: 0022-1120; 1469-7645
• DOI: 10.1017/S0022112009991492

The behaviour of an initially planar shock wave propagating into a linearly convergent wedge is investigated experimentally and numerically. In the experiment, a 25° internal wedge is mounted asymmetrically in a pressure-driven shock tube. Shock waves with incident Mach numbers in the ranges of 1.4–1.6 and 2.4–2.6 are generated in nitrogen and carbon dioxide. During each run, the full pressure history is recorded at fourteen locations along the wedge faces and schlieren images are produced. Numerical simulations performed based on the compressible Euler equations are validated against the experiment. The simulations are then used as an additional tool in the investigation. The linearly convergent geometry strengthens the incoming shock repeatedly, as waves reflected from the wedge faces cross the interior of the wedge. This investigation shows that aspects of this structure persist through multiple reflections and influence the nature of the shock-wave focusing. The shock focusing resulting from the distributed reflected waves of the Mach 1.5 case is distinctly different from the stepwise focusing at the higher incoming shock Mach number. Further experiments using CO2 instead of N2 elucidate some relevant real-gas effects and suggest that the presence or absence of a weak leading shock on the distributed reflections is not a controlling factor for focusing.