Makasar and the islamization of Bima

• Published in: Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde land- en volkenkunde, 1987-01, Vol.143 (2-3), p.312-342
• Main Author: Noorduyn, J
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 17th century; Consuls; Diaries; History; Horses; Islam; Islamic law; Islamization; Muslims; Naming conventions; Religion; Rice; Slaves; War
• ISSN: 0006-2294; 2213-4379
• DOI: 10.1163/22134379-90003330

According to Islamic law, this event marked the end of the status of the Makasar kingdom as part of the territory of the infidel, and the beginning of that as part of the territory of Islam, the ddr al-Islam, the Muslim portion of the world. According to Islamic law, anything not belonging to the territory of Islam should count as dar al-harb, 'territory of war', and infidels must be converted by force of arms if exhortations and preaching prove fruitless (Snouck Hurgronje 1884:6; Juynboll 1930:344). [...]as Speelman explains, from the conquest of the relevant countries onward 'there had always been a Makasarese great-governor, before whom all the affairs of Bima had to be brought for a decision, the first of them being Karaeng Maroanging, followed by Karaeng Suli4, who held the position for a long time, who was followed by Karaeng Jamarang or Daeng Passassa, his eldest son, who was 322 J. Noorduyn removed from this office and dispossessed of all his property as well by the present King of Goa (i.e., Hasanuddin, ruled 1653-1669), some time after which, and not long before the beginning of the war of 1666, Karaeng Popoq was appointed to that position' (Speelman f. 868/-). According to Islamic law, each free man who is obliged to perform the five daily ritual prayers is also obliged to attend the Friday service in the place in which he is legally resident (muqim); and, according to Shafi'ite doctrine, no Friday service is valid unless it is attended by at least forty people who are legally bound to do so. [...]in order to ensure that a Friday service was regularly held in a given place, the King charged a sufficient number of people -that is, at least forty residing there to attend the Friday service (cf.