Directive support, nondirective support, and morale

The concept of social support as being directive or nondirective may help explain why helping can either boost or impede morale. The Inventory of Nondirective and Directive Instrumental Support (INDIS) was developed to investigate this question. The directive factor concerns others' attempts to...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of social and clinical psychology 2005-08, Vol.24 (5), p.691-722
Main Authors: HARBER, Kent D, SCHNEIDER, Joanne Kraenzle, EVERARD, Kelly M, FISHER, Edwin B
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological and medical sciences
Confidence
Coping
Depression
Directiveness
Friendship
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Loneliness
Morale
Motivation
Personality. Affectivity
Psychology
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Psychometrics
Self-esteem
Social relations
Social support
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Summary:The concept of social support as being directive or nondirective may help explain why helping can either boost or impede morale. The Inventory of Nondirective and Directive Instrumental Support (INDIS) was developed to investigate this question. The directive factor concerns others' attempts to dominate coping and the nondirective factor concerns others' attempts to facilitate but not dominate coping. Studies 1 and 2 identified and confirmed these factors. Study 3 showed predicted associations between INDIS subscales and measures of morale. Nondirective support (from a family member) was positively related to hope and optimism, and directive support (from either a family member or a friend) was positively related to depression and loneliness, even after controlling for other social support measures. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
ISSN:0736-7236
1943-2771
DOI:10.1521/jscp.2005.24.5.691