Preservation of differences in social versus non-social positive affect in children exposed to war

• Published in: The journal of positive psychology 2009-05, Vol.4 (3), p.234-242
• Main Authors: Warren, Zachary, Etcoff, Nancy, Wood, Benjamin, Taylor, Chris, Marci, Carl D.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Afghanistan; Children; cross-cultural research strategies; display rules; Laughter; Positive affect; Smiles; Social contagion; war; Wars; well-being
• ISSN: 1743-9760; 1743-9779
• DOI: 10.1080/17439760902819576

No research to date has supported the 'social contagion' effect of laughter and smiles in a non-Western context, nor among children. Expressions of positive affect were here compared according to social and non-social conditions among 163 children between the ages of 5-12 while playing in a park in Afghanistan. Independent observers coded laugh and smile responses using published criteria and identified 147 laugh responses and 697 smile responses. Children in the social play condition demonstrated significantly more laughs than children in the non-social play condition, and the number of peer observers present in the social play condition significantly increased the number of participant smile responses, but not laugh responses. Findings supported the idea in Western research that laughter and smiles may function in moderating social relationships and communicating affect. The authors recommend future research to investigate the relationship between positive affect and well-being across cultures, with consideration for practical interventions.