La performance organisationnelle et la complémentarité des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines

• Published in: Relations industrielles (Québec, Québec) Québec), 2003-06, Vol.58 (3), p.427-453
• Main Authors: Barrette, Jacques, Carriere, Jules
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 9172; Canada; Human resource management; Organizational effectiveness
• ISSN: 0034-379X; 1703-8138
• DOI: 10.7202/007494ar

L’article présente dans un premier temps un aperçu du rôle et de l’importance de la complémentarité des pratiques de GRH dans la prédiction de la performance organisationnelle. Après avoir expliqué le concept de grappes de pratiques, les auteurs soulèvent les limites quant aux différentes approches pour mesurer la complémentarité. Ces derniers discutent de l’importance de combiner les pratiques sur une base rationnelle et proposent une définition et une méthode en ce sens. Enfin, l’importance de prendre en considération le secteur industriel dans l’analyse du lien entre la complémentarité et la performance organisationnelle est soulevée afin de poser par la suite les objectifs et hypothèses de la recherche. Les résultats indiquent que l’accroissement de la complémentarité des pratiques de GRH est lié à une augmentation de la productivité et de l’efficience, au positionnement concurrentiel de l’organisation et à l’acquisition de clients et d’une part du marché. For more than ten years, much published material has argued that human resource management (HRM) can play a major role in improving organizational performance. Several researchers claim that to exert a significant impact on organizational performance, HR practices need to be integrated or complementary with each other. However, the concept of complementarity suffers from a lack of operational clarity and has been essentially approached from a statistical standpoint that has limited our understanding of the architecture of the overall system of HR practices. On the other hand, several authors assert that the complementarity of HR practices cannot be studied outside its organizational context, especially in the industrial sector. They argue that differences in the nature of activity between service organizations and manufacturing companies are likely to have implications on which practices are adopted and how these practices impact the human and corporate performance of the organizations in question. In its first phase, this study proposes an operational definition of the concept of complementarity that can be used to select which practices to include in an organization’s HRM system. This complementarity has been defined as “the set of practices originating from various areas of HRM activity whose combined application can be rationally justified and empirically demonstrated to have a synergistic effect on organizational performance in a given sector.” Thus, on the basis of this definition, the authors