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The Onset of India's Fertility Transition

The all-India trend rate of fertility change, since 1961, was obtained from kriged maps (reconstituted surfaces) of a fertility index drawn from the data of the four decennial censuses conducted between 1961 and 1991, at the district level. This rate is calculated as the relative variation of the fe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European journal of population 2002-01, Vol.18 (3), p.211-232
Main Authors: Bocquet-Appel, J. P., Rajan, Irudaya S., Bacro, J. N., Lajaunie, C.
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:The all-India trend rate of fertility change, since 1961, was obtained from kriged maps (reconstituted surfaces) of a fertility index drawn from the data of the four decennial censuses conducted between 1961 and 1991, at the district level. This rate is calculated as the relative variation of the fertility index between consecutive censuses. It actually represents the change related to any measurement of fertility such as the Total Fertility Rate (TFR). Based on the surfaces of change, the onset of the fertility transition was estimated by using an auxiliary variable which takes into account both the random fluctuations in the pre-transition change at the district level and the absorbing state which constitutes the transition. The space-time analysis (Mantel test) of transition through this auxiliary variable shows aggregates of districts in transition at short geographical distances, but no geographical diffusion -- neither on a sub-continental scale nor in the three selected regions having high and low fertility. This represents a process of vertical, but non-social, diffusion set in motion by the state machinery called a "top-down" process (Srinivasan, 1995). This top-down process does not resemble the transition diffusion at its onset in Europe which had a strong geographical component. /// Le taux de changement de la fécondité locale, à l'échelle de l'Inde, depuis 1961, a été estimé à partir de cartes krigées (surfaces de variables estimées) d'un indice de fécondité, calculé sur les données des quatre recensements décennaux (1961 à 1991, au niveau des districts). Ce taux de changement est calculé comme la variation relative de l'indice de fécondité entre recensements consécutifs. En fait, ce taux représente le changement de n'importe quelle autre mesure de la fécondité, telle que la descendance finale. A partir des surfaces de changement, le début de la transition locale de la fécondité est estimé, en utilisant une variable auxiliaire, qui prend en compte les fluctuations aléatoires de la période pré-transition et l'état absorbant que constitue la transition. L'analyse spatio-temporelle (test de Mantel) de la transition, à travers cette variable auxiliaire, montre des agrégats de districts en transition à courtes distances géographiques, mais pas de diffusion géographique à l'échelle sous-continentale ni, non plus, dans trois régions sélectionnées pour leur haute et basse fécondité. Ceci représente un processus de diffusion verticale, mais non-sociale
ISSN:0168-6577
1572-9885
DOI:10.1023/A:1019721310893