Hypoxic/ischemic Encephalopathy Associated with Placental Insufficiency in a Cloned Foal

Hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy in a cloned American Quarter horse foal was initially associated with placental insufficiency and exacerbated by protracted hypotension during anesthesia for a surgical procedure. The foal, born at the Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Center, was diagnosed at birth wi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Veterinary pathology 2009, Vol.46 (1), p.75-79
Main Authors: Wilcox, A.L, Calise, D.V, Chapman, S.E, Edwards, J.F, Storts, R.W
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anesthesia - adverse effects
Anesthesia - veterinary
Animals
Brain - pathology
cloning (animals)
Cloning, Organism - veterinary
encephalopathy
Female
foals
histopathology
Horse Diseases - pathology
Horses
Hypotension - complications
Hypotension - veterinary
hypoxia
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain - etiology
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain - pathology
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain - veterinary
ischemia
neonatal maladjustment syndrome
neonates
placenta
Placental Insufficiency - veterinary
Pregnancy
pregnancy complications
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Summary:Hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy in a cloned American Quarter horse foal was initially associated with placental insufficiency and exacerbated by protracted hypotension during anesthesia for a surgical procedure. The foal, born at the Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Center, was diagnosed at birth with neonatal maladjustment syndrome that was accompanied by dysmaturity, muscle contracture of the front limbs, and a blood clot within the lumen of the urinary bladder. Seizures that developed after anesthesia were attributed to hypoxia/ischemia during anesthesia and culminated in death. Macroscopically, the cerebrum had flattened cerebral gyri with shallow sulci, yellowish cortical discoloration, and apple-green autofluorescence (under 365-nm ultraviolet light) at the cortical/white matter junction. Microscopically, there was laminar cortical necrosis with prominent diffuse ischemic change of neuronal cell bodies. The white matter had prominent rarefaction with focal axonal and myelin degeneration and focal macrophage (gitter cell) accumulation. Additionally, there was astrocytic hypertrophy with gemistocyte formation. The chorioallantois was diffusely thickened in the area corresponding to the uterine horns. Histologically, microcotyledons were markedly attenuated with absence of chorionic villi.
ISSN:0300-9858
1544-2217
DOI:10.1354/vp.46-1-75