The Effect of Universal Maternal Screening on the Incidence of Neonatal Early-Onset Group B Streptococcal Disease

Objective To determine the effect of the revised guidelines on incidence of neonatal early-onset group B streptococcal disease (EoGBS) via retrospective analysis of births in a military population. Methods Information from records of all live births within military hospitals from 1993 to 2007 was ob...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical pediatrics 2009-05, Vol.48 (4), p.369-375
Main Authors: Eberly, Matthew D., Rajnik, Michael
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Age
Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use
Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Antiretroviral drugs
Births
Carrier State - drug therapy
Disease control
Female
Gestational Age
Humans
Incidence
Infant, Newborn
Infant, Newborn, Diseases - epidemiology
Infant, Newborn, Diseases - microbiology
Infant, Newborn, Diseases - prevention & control
Infants
Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical - prevention & control
Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical - statistics & numerical data
Mass Screening - statistics & numerical data
Medical screening
Military
Mothers - statistics & numerical data
Neonates
Newborn babies
Practice Guidelines as Topic
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - microbiology
Prenatal Care - methods
Prenatal Care - standards
Program Evaluation
Retrospective Studies
Risk management
Streptococcal Infections - epidemiology
Streptococcal Infections - microbiology
Streptococcal Infections - transmission
Streptococcus
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus infections
Treatment Outcome
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Summary:Objective To determine the effect of the revised guidelines on incidence of neonatal early-onset group B streptococcal disease (EoGBS) via retrospective analysis of births in a military population. Methods Information from records of all live births within military hospitals from 1993 to 2007 was obtained. The data were divided into three time frames, representing the evolution of identifying and managing at-risk deliveries for GBS transmission. Results Incidence of EoGBS decreased from 1.95 to 0.72 per 1000 live births following institution of the 1996 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations and continued to fall to 0.47 per 1000 since the adoption of universal screening in 2002. Conclusions Universal culture-based screening is more effective than risk-based screening in preventing EoGBS in term infants. Cases of EoGBS continue to occur, however, at a baseline rate of nearly 0.5 per 1000 births, thus emphasizing the need for rapid diagnostics and ultimately a vaccine.
ISSN:0009-9228
1938-2707
DOI:10.1177/0009922808325455