Supra-normal age-linked retrograde amnesia: Lessons from an older amnesic (H.M.)

MacKay and James (2001) demonstrated greater‐than‐normal retrograde amnesia (RA) for lexical‐semantic information in amnesic H.M., a deficit that worsened with aging or represented supranormal age‐linked RA (SARA). The present experiments extend these earlier observations to new types of information...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Hippocampus 2009-05, Vol.19 (5), p.424-445
Main Authors: MacKay, Donald G., Hadley, Christopher
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Aging
amnesia
Amnesia, Retrograde - physiopathology
Amnesia, Retrograde - psychology
H.M
Humans
Language Tests
Male
Mental Recall
Models, Psychological
Phonetics
Psycholinguistics
Reading
retrograde
Semantics
Vocabulary
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Summary:MacKay and James (2001) demonstrated greater‐than‐normal retrograde amnesia (RA) for lexical‐semantic information in amnesic H.M., a deficit that worsened with aging or represented supranormal age‐linked RA (SARA). The present experiments extend these earlier observations to new types of information. Experiment 1 participants (H.M. and carefully matched memory‐normal controls) named pictures on the Boston Naming Test and H.M. correctly named reliably fewer pictures with low frequency names, he produced unusual naming errors, and he benefited reliably less than the controls from phonological cues to the target word. Experiment 2 participants recalled irregularly‐spelled aspects of familiar words in a two‐choice recognition memory task and H.M. chose the correct spelling reliably less often than the controls. Experiment 3 participants read low frequency words aloud at age 73 and H.M. produced reliably more reading errors than the controls. Results of all three experiments indicate supranormal RA (SRA) for information once familiar to H.M. and comparisons with earlier studies using similar or identical stimuli indicated that H.M.'s SRA has worsened with aging from 1980 to 1999. In short, H.M. exhibits SARA for phonological and orthographic information, consistent with the MacKay and James results and with interactions between aging and amnesia predicted under binding theory. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ISSN:1050-9631
1098-1063
DOI:10.1002/hipo.20531