In silico analysis of nonribosomal peptide synthetases of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri: identification of putative siderophore and lipopeptide biosynthetic genes

The genomes of the plant pathogens Xanthomonas axonopodis ( Xac) and Xanthomonas campestris ( Xcc) were analysed with the aim of deducing their ability to produce nonribosomal peptides. Nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes were identified in two separate loci of Xac. While the genes of locus...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Microbiological research 2004-01, Vol.159 (4), p.425-437
Main Authors: Etchegaray, Augusto, Silva-Stenico, Maria E., Moon, David H., Tsai, Siu M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacterial Proteins - biosynthesis
Bacterial Proteins - genetics
Genome analysis
Iron - metabolism
Lipoproteins - biosynthesis
Lipoproteins - genetics
Macrolides - metabolism
Molecular Structure
Nonribosomal peptides
Peptide Biosynthesis, Nucleic Acid-Independent
Peptide Synthases - genetics
Phylogeny
Polyamines - metabolism
Protein Structure, Tertiary
Sequence Homology
Siderophore
Siderophores - biosynthesis
Siderophores - genetics
Xanthomonas
Xanthomonas - enzymology
Xanthomonas - genetics
Xanthomonas axonopodis
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Summary:The genomes of the plant pathogens Xanthomonas axonopodis ( Xac) and Xanthomonas campestris ( Xcc) were analysed with the aim of deducing their ability to produce nonribosomal peptides. Nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes were identified in two separate loci of Xac. While the genes of locus 1 are common to both strains, locus 2 was only found in Xac. Dissection and phylogenetic analysis of the condensation and thioesterase domains of the NRPSs of loci 1 and 2 of Xac revealed homology, respectively, with siderophore and lipopeptide synthetases. Further analysis of locus 1 revealed genes related to polyketide and polyamine biosynthesis that could be involved in the assembly of substrates for siderophore biosynthesis in both strains. In vitro production of siderophores by both Xac and Xcc was confirmed. Since bacterial siderophores and lipopeptides can be pathogenic and are typically produced nonribosomally, these results suggest that the identified genes could be involved in phytotoxin production.
ISSN:0944-5013
1618-0623
DOI:10.1016/j.micres.2004.09.009