Point Mutations with Positive Selection Were a Major Force during the Evolution of a Receptor-Kinase Resistance Gene Family of Rice

• Published in: Plant physiology (Bethesda) 2006-03, Vol.140 (3), p.998-1008
• Main Authors: Sun, Xinli, Cao, Yinglong, Wang, Shiping
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amino Acid Sequence; amino acid sequences; Amino acids; bacterial diseases of plants; Biological and medical sciences; blight; disease resistance; Evolution; Evolution, Molecular; Family members; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Genes; Genes. Genome; Genetic loci; genetic polymorphism; genetic recombination; genetic variation; Genetics, Genomics, and Molecular Evolution; Haplotypes; leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase; Molecular and cellular biology; Molecular genetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Multigene Family; Oryza - genetics; Oryza sativa; Phylogenetics; Phylogeny; plant biochemistry; plant genetics; plant pathogenic bacteria; plant proteins; Point Mutation; Positive selection; protein kinases; Protein Kinases - chemistry; Protein Kinases - genetics; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Regional identity; Rice; Selection, Genetic; sequence analysis; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Analysis, Protein; Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
• ISSN: 0032-0889; 1532-2548
• DOI: 10.1104/pp.105.073080

The rice (Oryza sativa) Xa26 gene, which confers resistance to bacterial blight disease and encodes a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor kinase, resides at a locus clustered with tandem homologous genes. To investigate the evolution of this family, four haplotypes from the two subspecies of rice, indica and japonica, were analyzed. Comparative sequence analysis of 34 genes of 10 types of paralogs of the family revealed haplotype polymorphisms and pronounced paralog diversity. The orthologs in different haplotypes were more similar than the paralogs in the same haplotype. At least five types of paralogs were formed before the separation of indica and japonica subspecies. Only 7% of amino acid sites were detected to be under positive selection, which occurred in the extracytoplasmic domain. Approximately 74% of the positively selected sites were solvent-exposed amino acid residues of the LRR domain that have been proposed to be involved in pathogen recognition, and 73% of the hypervariable sites detected in the LRR domain were subject to positive selection. The family is formed by tandem duplication followed by diversification through recombination, deletion, and point mutation. Most variation among genes in the family is caused by point mutations and positive selection.