The development of a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect human platelet factor 4

• Published in: Transfusion (Philadelphia, Pa.) Pa.), 2005-05, Vol.45 (5), p.717-724
• Main Authors: Schraw, Todd, Whiteheart, Sidney
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy; Antibodies; Bacterial Proteins; Biological and medical sciences; Biomarkers; Blood coagulation; Blood coagulation. Blood cells; Blood Platelets - chemistry; Blood Platelets - immunology; Blood Platelets - secretion; Blood. Blood and plasma substitutes. Blood products. Blood cells. Blood typing. Plasmapheresis. Apheresis; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - methods; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Horseradish Peroxidase; Humans; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects); Medical sciences; Molecular and cellular biology; Platelet; Platelet Activation; Platelet Factor 4 - analysis; Platelet Factor 4 - immunology; Platelet Factor 4 - secretion; Transfusions. Complications. Transfusion reactions. Cell and gene therapy
• ISSN: 0041-1132; 1537-2995
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2005.04243.x

BACKGROUND: Platelet factor 4 (PF4) is a marker for in vitro and in vivo tests of platelet (PLT) activation and α‐granule secretion. PF4 is also a major CXC cytokine released during storage. Cytokines released during PLT storage are a potential cause of nonhemolytic transfusion reactions. Quantitative measurement of PF4 requires an assay that is both reliable and sensitive. To achieve this goal, a sensitive, cost‐effective, sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed with commercially available antibodies to human PF4. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: An ELISA was developed for measuring PF4 from whole human PLTs or secreted from activated PLTs. Optimal concentrations of capture antibody, detection antibody, and enzyme‐conjugate were determined with serial twofold dilutions of recombinant PF4. This assay was used to determine the ideal sample dilutions needed for reliable quantitation of PF4 in releasates or from whole PLT extracts. RESULTS: Serial dilutions of recombinant PF4 resulted in a sigmoid titration curve with a maximal sensitivity of 10 pg and a dynamic quantitative range from 100 to 2500 pg. This ELISA was used to measure secretion from permeabilized PLTs stimulated with free calcium. In a secretion experiment with 2.5 × 10|*bsup*|8|*esup*| PLTs per mL, samples required a 1:10‐fold dilution to reliably evaluate α‐granule release. CONCLUSION: The parameters described yield an ELISA method with low background and high sensitivity over a range of PF4 concentrations. Using the commercial reagents described makes this assay cost‐effective and therefore suitable for analyzing multiple samples in the research setting.