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Immunogenicity and effect of a virosomal influenza vaccine on viral replication and T-cell activation in HIV-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy

In order to evaluate the immunogenicity and the effect of a virosomal influenza vaccine on viral replication and T‐cell activation in HIV‐infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), 29 children infected with HIV‐1 vertically (19 primed with a previous influenza vaccinat...

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Published in:Journal of medical virology 2006-04, Vol.78 (4), p.440-445
Main Authors: Tanzi, Elisabetta, Esposito, Susanna, Bojanin, Jelena, Amendola, Antonella, Trabattoni, Daria, Pariani, Elena, Pinzani, Raffaella, Zanetti, Alessandro, Principi, Nicola
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creator Tanzi, Elisabetta
Esposito, Susanna
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Principi, Nicola
description In order to evaluate the immunogenicity and the effect of a virosomal influenza vaccine on viral replication and T‐cell activation in HIV‐infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), 29 children infected with HIV‐1 vertically (19 primed with a previous influenza vaccination and 10 who were not been immunized against influenza) were immunized with an intramuscular virosome‐adjuvanted influenza vaccine. According to the European Agency for Evaluation of Medical Products (EMEA) criteria, the immunogenicity of the vaccine was adequate against all three influenza strains (A H1N1, A H3N2, and B) in the primed children, and against A H1N1 and A H3N2 in the unprimed children. After in vitro stimulation with vaccine antigens, the IFN‐γ levels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultures increased significantly from a baseline level of 103.0 ± 229.8 pg/ml to a 30‐day level of 390.7 ± 606.3 pg/ml (P 
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According to the European Agency for Evaluation of Medical Products (EMEA) criteria, the immunogenicity of the vaccine was adequate against all three influenza strains (A H1N1, A H3N2, and B) in the primed children, and against A H1N1 and A H3N2 in the unprimed children. After in vitro stimulation with vaccine antigens, the IFN‐γ levels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultures increased significantly from a baseline level of 103.0 ± 229.8 pg/ml to a 30‐day level of 390.7 ± 606.3 pg/ml (P &lt; 0.05), with concentrations significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) in the primed children than in the unprimed children. No increase in plasma HIV‐1 RNA or HIV‐1 proviral DNA was observed in either subgroup, and the immunophenotype analyses demonstrated that the CD4+ cell counts and percentages, the CD4/CD8 ratio and activated lymphocytes remained stable in either group from baseline to 1 month after each vaccine dose. This study showed that the virosomal influenza vaccine does seem to be immunogenic in the majority of HIV‐infected children receiving HAART and does not induce viral replication or T‐cell activation. Given the possible influenza‐related complications in children infected with HIV, these results support the use of this influenza vaccine in such patients. J. Med. Virol. 78:440–445, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0146-6615</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1096-9071</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20559</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16482542</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JMVIDB</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Antibodies, Viral - blood ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Biological and medical sciences ; Child ; children ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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Med. Virol</addtitle><description>In order to evaluate the immunogenicity and the effect of a virosomal influenza vaccine on viral replication and T‐cell activation in HIV‐infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), 29 children infected with HIV‐1 vertically (19 primed with a previous influenza vaccination and 10 who were not been immunized against influenza) were immunized with an intramuscular virosome‐adjuvanted influenza vaccine. According to the European Agency for Evaluation of Medical Products (EMEA) criteria, the immunogenicity of the vaccine was adequate against all three influenza strains (A H1N1, A H3N2, and B) in the primed children, and against A H1N1 and A H3N2 in the unprimed children. After in vitro stimulation with vaccine antigens, the IFN‐γ levels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultures increased significantly from a baseline level of 103.0 ± 229.8 pg/ml to a 30‐day level of 390.7 ± 606.3 pg/ml (P &lt; 0.05), with concentrations significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) in the primed children than in the unprimed children. No increase in plasma HIV‐1 RNA or HIV‐1 proviral DNA was observed in either subgroup, and the immunophenotype analyses demonstrated that the CD4+ cell counts and percentages, the CD4/CD8 ratio and activated lymphocytes remained stable in either group from baseline to 1 month after each vaccine dose. This study showed that the virosomal influenza vaccine does seem to be immunogenic in the majority of HIV‐infected children receiving HAART and does not induce viral replication or T‐cell activation. 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subjects Adolescent
Antibodies, Viral - blood
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
Biological and medical sciences
Child
children
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
HIV
HIV Infections - drug therapy
HIV Infections - immunology
HIV-1 - drug effects
HIV-1 - physiology
Human immunodeficiency virus 1
Human viral diseases
Humans
immunogenicity
Infectious diseases
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - immunology
Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - immunology
Influenza B virus - immunology
influenza vaccine
Influenza Vaccines - administration & dosage
Influenza Vaccines - immunology
Influenza, Human - immunology
Influenza, Human - prevention & control
Interferon-gamma - biosynthesis
Lymphocyte Activation
Male
Medical sciences
Microbiology
Miscellaneous
T-cell activation
T-Lymphocytes - immunology
Treatment Outcome
Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies
Viral diseases
Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids
Viral Load
viral replication
Virology
Virosomes
Virus Replication
title Immunogenicity and effect of a virosomal influenza vaccine on viral replication and T-cell activation in HIV-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy
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