The Role of Surgery in N2 Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Historical series document the poor survival (7-16% at 5 years) for patients with N2-positive, stage IIIA non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with primary surgery. In 1994, two small randomized trials showed the superiority of induction chemotherapy followed by surgery over surgery alone for...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical cancer research 2005-07, Vol.11 (13), p.5033s-5037s
Main Authors: DeCamp, Jr, Malcolm M, Ashiku, Simon, Thurer, Robert
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adjuvant therapy
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - drug therapy
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - pathology
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - radiotherapy
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - surgery
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Combined Modality Therapy
Humans
Locally advanced disease
Lung Neoplasms - drug therapy
Lung Neoplasms - pathology
Lung Neoplasms - radiotherapy
Lung Neoplasms - surgery
Lymphatic Metastasis
multimodality therapy
Neoadjuvant Therapy
Prognosis
Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Survival Analysis
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Summary:Historical series document the poor survival (7-16% at 5 years) for patients with N2-positive, stage IIIA non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with primary surgery. In 1994, two small randomized trials showed the superiority of induction chemotherapy followed by surgery over surgery alone for stage IIIA NSCLC. These findings, as well as subsequent studies showing the superiority of chemoradiotherapy over chemotherapy alone in nonoperable stage III disease, prompted investigations of preoperative chemoradiotherapy for N2-positve patients. As induction therapy improved, the use of resection in stage IIIA NSCLC was called into question. An Intergroup trial addressing this issue randomized 392 patients to induction chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery versus definitive chemoradiotherapy. Surgery following induction chemoradiotherapy was associated with a significant improvement in progression-free survival and almost a 50% reduction in local failure. As distant relapse is common, survival is likely to be enhanced only in those patients who respond to the systemic arm of treatment. Identification of genetic or biochemical markers of response, minimally invasive techniques to pathologically restage, or improved statistical or chemosensitivity analyses are needed to enhance our ability to select patients who will benefit from resection.
ISSN:1078-0432
1557-3265
DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-9013