Axon retraction and degeneration in development and disease

The selective elimination of axons, dendrites, axon and dendrite branches, and synapses, without loss of the parent neurons, occurs during normal development of the nervous system as well as in response to injury or disease in the adult. The widespread developmental phenomena of exuberant axonal pro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of neuroscience 2005-01, Vol.28 (1), p.127-156
Main Authors: LIQUN LUO, O'LEARY, Dennis D. M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Axons - physiology
Biological and medical sciences
Cytoskeleton - metabolism
Eye and associated structures. Visual pathways and centers. Vision
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Models, Neurological
Mushroom Bodies - growth & development
Mushroom Bodies - physiology
Nerve Degeneration - physiopathology
Nervous System Diseases - physiopathology
Neurological disorders
Neurology
Neuronal Plasticity - physiology
Neurons
Neurons - pathology
Signal Transduction - physiology
Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs
Visual Pathways - cytology
Visual Pathways - growth & development
Wallerian Degeneration - genetics
Wallerian Degeneration - physiopathology
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Summary:The selective elimination of axons, dendrites, axon and dendrite branches, and synapses, without loss of the parent neurons, occurs during normal development of the nervous system as well as in response to injury or disease in the adult. The widespread developmental phenomena of exuberant axonal projections and synaptic connections require both small-scale and large-scale axon pruning to generate precise adult connectivity, and they provide a mechanism for neural plasticity in the developing and adult nervous system, as well as a mechanism to evolve differences between species in a projection system. Such pruning is also required to remove axonal connections damaged in the adult, to stabilize the affected neural circuits, and to initiate their repair. Pruning occurs through either retraction or degeneration. Here we review examples of these phenomena and consider potential cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie axon retraction and degeneration and how they might relate to each other in development and disease.
ISSN:0147-006X
1545-4126
DOI:10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135632